Mbwayo Anne Wanjiru, Mathai Muthoni, Harder Valerie S, Nicodimos Semret, Vander Stoep Ann
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
2Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA.
J Child Adolesc Trauma. 2019 Jun 24;13(1):63-73. doi: 10.1007/s40653-019-00256-2. eCollection 2020 Mar.
This study estimated the prevalence and correlates of PTSD in Kenyan school children during a period of widespread post-election violence. The UCLA PTSD Reaction Index was administered to 2482 primary and secondary school students ages 11-17 from rural and urban communities. A high proportion of school children had witnessed people being shot at, beat up or killed (46.9%) or had heard about the violent death or serious injury of a loved one (42.0%). Over one quarter (26.8%, 95% CI = 25.1% - 28.7%) met criteria for PTSD. Correlates of PTSD included living in a rural (vs urban) area (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.41-2.11), attending primary (vs secondary) school (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.67-3.04) and being a girl (with girl as referent AOR = .70, 95% CI = .57-.86). We recommend training Kenyan teachers to recognize signs of emotional distress in school children and psychosocial counselors to adapt empirically-supported mental health interventions for delivery in primary and secondary school settings.
本研究估计了在肯尼亚大选后暴力事件广泛发生期间，在校儿童中创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的患病率及其相关因素。对来自农村和城市社区的2482名11至17岁的中小学生进行了加州大学洛杉矶分校创伤后应激障碍反应指数测试。很大一部分学童目睹过人被枪击、殴打或杀害（46.9%），或听说过亲人的暴力死亡或重伤（42.0%）。超过四分之一（26.8%，95%置信区间=25.1%-28.7%）符合创伤后应激障碍的标准。创伤后应激障碍的相关因素包括居住在农村（而非城市）地区（比值比=1.72，95%置信区间=1.41-2.11）、就读小学（而非中学）（比值比=2.25，95%置信区间=1.67-3.04）以及为女孩（以女孩为参照，比值比=0.70，95%置信区间=0.57-0.86）。我们建议培训肯尼亚教师识别学童情绪困扰的迹象，并培训心理社会咨询师调整基于实证的心理健康干预措施，以便在中小学环境中实施。
