Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA.
Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, 209 S. Kingshighway, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Apr 19;12(4):1144. doi: 10.3390/nu12041144.
Aerobic exercise and thermal stress instigate robust challenges to the immune system. Various attempts to modify or supplement the diet have been proposed to bolster the immune system responses. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of yeast beta-glucan () supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation. Healthy, active men (29.6 ± 6.7 years, 178.1 ± 7.2 cm, 83.2 ± 11.2 kg, 49.6 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min, = 16) and women (30.1 ± 8.9 years, 165.6 ± 4.1 cm, 66.7 ± 10.0 kg, 38.7 ± 5.8 mL/kg/min, = 15) were randomly assigned in a double-blind and cross-over fashion to supplement for 13 days with either 250 mg/day of yeast beta-glucan (YBG) or a maltodextrin placebo (PLA). Participants arrived fasted and completed a bout of treadmill exercise at 55% peak aerobic capacity (VO) in a hot (37.2 ± 1.8 °C) and humid (45.2 ± 8.8%) environment. Prior to and 0, 2, and 72 h after completing exercise, changes in white blood cell counts, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, markers of muscle damage, markers of muscle function, soreness, and profile of mood states (POMS) were assessed. In response to exercise and heat, both groups experienced significant increases in white blood cell counts, plasma creatine kinase and myoglobin, and soreness along with reductions in peak torque and total work with no between-group differences. Concentrations of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines in YBG were lower than PLA for macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) ( = 0.044) and tended to be lower for interleukin 8 (IL-8) ( = 0.079), monocyte chemoattractment protein 1 (MCP-1) ( = 0.095), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) ( = 0.085). Paired samples -tests using delta values between baseline and 72 h post-exercise revealed significant differences between groups for IL-8 ( = 0.044, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): (0.013, 0.938, = -0.34), MCP-1 ( = 0.038, 95% CI: 0.087, 2.942, = -0.33), and MIP-1β ( = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.85, = -0.33). POMS outcomes changed across time with anger scores in PLA exhibiting a sharper decline than YBG ( = 0.04). Vigor scores ( = 0.04) in YBG remained stable while scores in PLA were significantly reduced 72 h after exercise. In conclusion, a 13-day prophylactic period of supplementation with 250 mg of yeast-derived beta-glucans invoked favorable changes in cytokine markers of inflammation after completing a prolonged bout of heated treadmill exercise.
有氧运动和热应激会对免疫系统造成严重的挑战。人们提出了各种试图改变或补充饮食的方法，以增强免疫系统的反应。本研究的目的是确定酵母β-葡聚糖（β-glucan）补充剂对运动引起的肌肉损伤和炎症的影响。健康、活跃的男性（29.6±6.7 岁，178.1±7.2cm，83.2±11.2kg，49.6±5.1mL/kg/min，n=16）和女性（30.1±8.9 岁，165.6±4.1cm，66.7±10.0kg，38.7±5.8mL/kg/min，n=15）被随机分为两组，采用双盲交叉设计，分别连续 13 天补充 250mg/d 的酵母β-葡聚糖（YBG）或麦芽糊精安慰剂（PLA）。参与者空腹到达并在 37.2±1.8°C 的热环境和 45.2±8.8%的高湿度环境中以 55%的峰值有氧能力（VO）完成一次跑步机运动。在运动结束前和 0、2 和 72 小时，评估白细胞计数、促炎和抗炎细胞因子、肌肉损伤标志物、肌肉功能标志物、酸痛和心境状态量表（POMS）的变化。运动和热应激会导致两组的白细胞计数、血浆肌酸激酶和肌红蛋白显著增加，肌肉酸痛，并降低峰值扭矩和总功，两组之间无差异。与 PLA 相比，YBG 中血清促炎细胞因子的浓度较低，其中巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 1β（MIP-1β）（p=0.044）和白细胞介素 8（IL-8）（p=0.079）呈下降趋势，单核细胞趋化蛋白 1（MCP-1）（p=0.095）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）（p=0.085）也呈下降趋势。用运动后 72 小时与运动前的差值进行配对样本 t 检验，结果显示，两组间白细胞介素 8（p=0.044，95%置信区间（CI）：（0.013，0.938，p=-0.34）、单核细胞趋化蛋白 1（p=0.038，95%CI：0.087，2.942，p=-0.33）和 MIP-1β（p=0.010，95%CI：0.13，0.85，p=-0.33）有显著差异。POMS 结果随时间变化，PLA 组的愤怒评分下降更明显（p=0.04）。YBG 组的活力评分（p=0.04）保持稳定，而 PLA 组在运动后 72 小时的评分显著降低。总之，连续 13 天补充 250mg 的酵母来源的β-葡聚糖可以在完成长时间的热跑步机运动后，对炎症的细胞因子标志物产生有利的变化。
