Kostelnik Samantha B, Davy Kevin P, Hedrick Valisa E, Thomas D Travis, Davy Brenda M
Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Department of Athletic Training & Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2021 Feb;40(2):172-179. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1750073. Epub 2020 Apr 24.
Frequent monitoring of hydration status may help to avoid the adverse effects of dehydration. Other than urine color assessment, hydration assessment methods are largely impractical for the general population and athletes to implement on a routine basis. Despite its widespread use, the validity of urine color as an indicator of hydration status has not been systematically evaluated. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the validity of urine color evaluation as a hydration status assessment method in the general adult population, older adults, and athletes. Using the PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched to identify original research articles of all study design types for inclusion. Of the 424 articles screened, 10 met inclusion criteria. Most studies compared urine color to either urinary specific gravity or urine osmolality, and reported significant associations (r) ranging from 0.40 to 0.93. Lower correlations were noted in studies of adults aged >60 years. Studies generally reported a high sensitivity of urine color as a diagnostic tool for detecting dehydration and supported the ability of this method to distinguish across categories of hydration status. Research is needed to determine if clinicians, patients, and clients can accurately utilize this method in clinical and real-world settings. Future research is also needed to extend these findings to other populations, such as children.Key teaching pointsInadequate hydration can lead to impairments in physical performance and cognitive function.Methods used to assess hydration status include plasma/serum osmolality, urinary specific gravity (USG), urine osmolality (Uosm), change in body weight, urine volume, and urine color.Urine color assessment is a practical method that is routinely used in clinical, athletic, and other settings. The validity of this method has not been systemically evaluated.Available research was limited to 10 articles.Validity of this method was generally supported; however, research has not investigated the validity of this method by clinicians, patients and clients.
频繁监测水合状态有助于避免脱水的不良影响。除了尿液颜色评估外，水合评估方法对于普通人群和运动员来说，在日常实施中大多不切实际。尽管尿液颜色被广泛使用，但作为水合状态指标的有效性尚未得到系统评估。本系统评价的目的是确定尿液颜色评估作为普通成年人群、老年人和运动员水合状态评估方法的有效性。按照PRISMA指南，检索电子数据库以识别所有研究设计类型的原始研究文章以供纳入。在筛选的424篇文章中，10篇符合纳入标准。大多数研究将尿液颜色与尿比重或尿渗透压进行比较，并报告了范围从0.40至0.93的显著相关性（r）。在60岁以上成年人的研究中观察到较低的相关性。研究普遍报告尿液颜色作为检测脱水的诊断工具具有较高的敏感性，并支持该方法区分不同水合状态类别的能力。需要开展研究以确定临床医生、患者和客户能否在临床和现实环境中准确使用该方法。未来还需要开展研究，将这些发现扩展到其他人群，如儿童。
关键知识点
水合不足会导致身体性能和认知功能受损。
用于评估水合状态的方法包括血浆/血清渗透压、尿比重（USG）、尿渗透压（Uosm）、体重变化、尿量和尿液颜色。
尿液颜色评估是临床、运动和其他环境中常规使用的一种实用方法。该方法的有效性尚未得到系统评估。
现有研究仅限于10篇文章。
该方法的有效性总体上得到支持；然而，研究尚未调查临床医生、患者和客户使用该方法的有效性。
