Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2020 Aug;74(8):631-638. doi: 10.1136/jech-2019-213591. Epub 2020 Apr 24.
Neighbourhood characteristics may affect mental health and well-being, but longitudinal evidence is limited. We examined the effect of relocating to East Village (the former London 2012 Olympic Athletes' Village), repurposed to encourage healthy active living, on mental health and well-being.
1278 adults seeking different housing tenures in East village were recruited and examined during 2013-2015. 877 (69%) were followed-up after 2 years; 50% had moved to East Village. Analysis examined change in objective measures of the built environment, neighbourhood perceptions (scored from low to high; quality -12 to 12, safety -10 to 10 units), self-reported mental health (depression and anxiety) and well-being (life satisfaction, life being worthwhile and happiness) among East Village participants compared with controls who did not move to East Village. Follow-up measures were regressed on baseline for each outcome with group status as a binary variable, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, housing tenure and household clustering (random effect).
Participants who moved to East Village lived closer to their nearest park (528 m, 95% CI 482 to 575 m), in more walkable areas, and had better access to public transport, compared with controls. Living in East Village was associated with marked improvements in neighbourhood perceptions (quality 5.0, 95% CI 4.5 to 5.4 units; safety 3.4, 95% CI 2.9 to 3.9 units), but there was no overall effect on mental health and well-being outcomes.
Despite large improvements in the built environment, there was no evidence that moving to East Village improved mental health and well-being. Changes in the built environment alone are insufficient to improve mental health and well-being.
社区特征可能会影响心理健康和幸福感，但纵向证据有限。我们研究了搬到东村（前伦敦 2012 年奥运会运动员村）的影响，东村被重新开发以鼓励健康积极的生活，以改善心理健康和幸福感。
2013-2015 年期间，我们招募了 1278 名在东村寻求不同住房期限的成年人，并对他们进行了检查。其中 877 人（69%）在两年后进行了随访；其中 50%已经搬到了东村。分析比较了东村参与者与未搬到东村的对照组在客观的建成环境指标、社区感知（得分从低到高；质量-12 到 12，安全-10 到 10 分）、自我报告的心理健康（抑郁和焦虑）和幸福感（生活满意度、生活价值感和幸福感）方面的变化。对于每个结果，我们将随访测量值与基线进行回归，以组状态为二分变量，调整年龄、性别、种族、住房期限和家庭聚类（随机效应）。
与对照组相比，搬到东村的参与者居住在离家最近的公园更近的地方（528 米，95%置信区间 482 到 575 米），居住在更适合步行的地区，并且可以更好地使用公共交通。与对照组相比，住在东村与社区感知的显著改善有关（质量 5.0，95%置信区间 4.5 到 5.4 分；安全 3.4，95%置信区间 2.9 到 3.9 分），但对心理健康和幸福感结果没有总体影响。
尽管建成环境有了很大改善，但没有证据表明搬到东村可以改善心理健康和幸福感。仅改变建成环境不足以改善心理健康和幸福感。
