The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2020 May;15(5):819-826. doi: 10.1007/s11548-020-02165-4. Epub 2020 Apr 24.
In the last decade, there has been a great effort to bring mixed reality (MR) into the operating room to assist surgeons intraoperatively. However, progress towards this goal is still at an early stage. The aim of this paper is to propose a MR visualisation platform which projects multiple imaging modalities to assist intraoperative surgical guidance.
In this work, a MR visualisation platform has been developed for the Microsoft HoloLens. The platform contains three visualisation components, namely a 3D organ model, volumetric data, and tissue morphology captured with intraoperative imaging modalities. Furthermore, a set of novel interactive functionalities have been designed including scrolling through volumetric data and adjustment of the virtual objects' transparency. A pilot user study has been conducted to evaluate the usability of the proposed platform in the operating room. The participants were allowed to interact with the visualisation components and test the different functionalities. Each surgeon answered a questionnaire on the usability of the platform and provided their feedback and suggestions.
The analysis of the surgeons' scores showed that the 3D model is the most popular MR visualisation component and neurosurgery is the most relevant speciality for this platform. The majority of the surgeons found the proposed visualisation platform intuitive and would use it in their operating rooms for intraoperative surgical guidance. Our platform has several promising potential clinical applications, including vascular neurosurgery.
The presented pilot study verified the potential of the proposed visualisation platform and its usability in the operating room. Our future work will focus on enhancing the platform by incorporating the surgeons' suggestions and conducting extensive evaluation on a large group of surgeons.
在过去十年中，人们一直在努力将混合现实（MR）引入手术室，以协助外科医生进行手术。然而，这一目标的进展仍处于早期阶段。本文旨在提出一种 MR 可视化平台，该平台可将多种成像模式投影到手术室中，以协助术中手术指导。
在这项工作中，我们为 Microsoft HoloLens 开发了一种 MR 可视化平台。该平台包含三个可视化组件，即 3D 器官模型、容积数据以及使用术中成像模式捕获的组织形态。此外，还设计了一系列新的交互功能，包括在容积数据中滚动以及调整虚拟对象的透明度。进行了一项初步的用户研究，以评估该平台在手术室中的可用性。参与者被允许与可视化组件交互，并测试不同的功能。每位外科医生都回答了一个关于平台可用性的问题，并提供了他们的反馈和建议。
对外科医生得分的分析表明，3D 模型是最受欢迎的 MR 可视化组件，神经外科是该平台最相关的专业。大多数外科医生发现所提出的可视化平台直观易用，并将在他们的手术室中用于术中手术指导。我们的平台具有几个有前途的潜在临床应用，包括血管神经外科。
这项初步研究验证了所提出的可视化平台及其在手术室中的可用性的潜力。我们未来的工作将集中在通过纳入外科医生的建议并对大量外科医生进行广泛评估来增强该平台。
