Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Centre for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15261, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15261, United States.
Curr Opin Virol. 2020 Apr;41:31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.03.002. Epub 2020 Apr 24.
Measles virus causes a disease with seemingly innocent symptoms, such as fever and rash. However, measles immune suppression causes increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections that are responsible for the majority of over 100000 yearly fatalities. The pathogenesis of measles is complex, because measles virus uses multiple receptors to infect different cell types in different phases of the disease. Experimental morbillivirus infections with wild-type viruses in natural host species have demonstrated that direct infection and depletion of memory immune cells causes immune amnesia. This was confirmed in studies of a measles outbreak in unvaccinated children and provides an explanation for epidemiological observations of long-term increases in morbidity and mortality after measles.
麻疹病毒引起的疾病症状看似轻微，但麻疹会导致免疫抑制，使人更容易感染机会性感染，而这些感染是每年造成 10 万多例死亡的主要原因。麻疹的发病机制很复杂，因为麻疹病毒使用多种受体在疾病的不同阶段感染不同类型的细胞。在自然宿主物种中用野生型病毒进行实验性麻疹病毒感染表明，直接感染和记忆免疫细胞耗竭会导致免疫遗忘。在未接种疫苗儿童的麻疹暴发研究中得到了证实，这也解释了麻疹后发病率和死亡率长期增加的流行病学观察结果。
