Holden K C, Burkhauser R V, Feaster D J
Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Demography. 1988 Aug;25(3):405-14.
A major concern of workers, even those financially prepared for retirement, is that a small risk of poverty may grow over time. Cross-sectional data showing that older cohorts have higher poverty rates substantiate this concern. Using data from the Retirement History Study, we analyze changes in the hazard of entering poverty as a cohort of elderly couples retire and age and the wives are widowed. The initial fall into poverty among those who were not poor before the husband retired is more closely linked to the event of retirement or widowhood than to the slowly eroding household income over the period of retirement and widowhood. The death of her retired husband puts a wife in economic jeopardy whether this shock occurs one year after his retirement or some years later.
工人们，甚至那些在经济上已为退休做好准备的人，主要担心的是随着时间的推移，贫困的小风险可能会增加。横断面数据显示，较年长的人群贫困率较高，这证实了这种担忧。利用退休历史研究的数据，我们分析了随着老年夫妇群体退休、变老以及妻子丧偶，陷入贫困风险的变化。在丈夫退休前不贫困的人群中，最初陷入贫困与退休或丧偶事件的关联，比与退休和丧偶期间逐渐减少的家庭收入的关联更为紧密。无论这种冲击是在其丈夫退休一年后还是几年后发生，退休丈夫的去世都会使妻子陷入经济困境。
