Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA.
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Environ Res. 2020 Jul;186:109514. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109514. Epub 2020 Apr 14.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) display neurobehavioral toxicity in laboratory animal studies. We examined associations of modeled prenatal maternal exposure to PFAS with child diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Participants were 453 mother-child pairs from CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risk from Genetics and Environment), a population-based case-control study. Children underwent psychometric testing and were clinically confirmed for ASD (n = 239) or typical development (TD, n = 214). At the end of the clinic visit, maternal blood specimens were collected. We quantified nine PFAS in maternal serum samples collected when their child was 2-5 years old. As surrogate in utero exposure, we used a model built from external prospective data in pregnancy and 24 months post-partum and then reconstructed maternal PFAS serum concentrations during pregnancy in this case-control sample. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations of modeled prenatal maternal PFAS concentrations with child ASD.
Modeled prenatal maternal perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were borderline associated with increased odds of child diagnosis of ASD (per nanogram per milliliter increase: odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98, 2.18 for PFHxS, OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.08 for PFOS). When compared to the lowest quartile (reference category), the highest quartile of modeled prenatal maternal PFHxS was associated with increased odds of child diagnosis of ASD (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.72).
In analyses where modeled prenatal maternal PFAS serum concentrations served as in utero exposure, we observed that prenatal PFHxS and PFOS exposure, but not other PFAS, were borderline associated with increased odds of child diagnosis of ASD. Further studies in which PFAS concentrations are prospectively measured in mothers and children at a range of developmental stages are needed to confirm these findings.
背景/目的：全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）在实验室动物研究中表现出神经行为毒性。我们研究了模型化的产前母体 PFAS 暴露与儿童自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）诊断之间的关联。
参与者为来自 CHARGE（遗传学和环境对儿童自闭症风险）的 453 对母婴，这是一项基于人群的病例对照研究。对儿童进行心理测试，并对 ASD（n=239）或典型发育（TD，n=214）进行临床确诊。在就诊结束时，采集母亲的血液样本。我们在孩子 2-5 岁时采集的母亲血清样本中定量了 9 种 PFAS。作为宫内暴露的替代物，我们使用在妊娠和产后 24 个月期间建立的外部前瞻性数据建立模型，然后在该病例对照样本中重建了妊娠期间母体 PFAS 血清浓度。我们使用逻辑回归评估了模型化的产前母体 PFAS 浓度与儿童 ASD 诊断的关联。
模型化的产前母体全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）与儿童 ASD 诊断的几率增加呈边缘相关（每纳克/毫升增加：比值比[OR] = 1.46；95%置信区间[CI]：0.98，2.18 用于 PFHxS，OR = 1.03；95%CI：0.99，1.08 用于 PFOS）。与最低四分位数（参考类别）相比，产前母体 PFHxS 的最高四分位数与儿童 ASD 诊断几率的增加相关（OR = 1.95；95%CI：1.02，3.72）。
在分析中，模型化的产前母体 PFAS 血清浓度作为宫内暴露，我们观察到产前 PFHxS 和 PFOS 暴露，但不是其他 PFAS，与儿童 ASD 诊断几率的增加呈边缘相关。需要在一系列发育阶段前瞻性测量母亲和儿童 PFAS 浓度的进一步研究来证实这些发现。
