Manikam Logan, Lakhanpaul Monica
is an Academic Clinical Fellow in Paediatrics, Imperial College London, UK. Conflicts of interest: none declared.
is Professor of Integrated Community Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK. Conflicts of interest: none declared.
Paediatr Child Health (Oxford). 2012 Jul;22(7):299-306. doi: 10.1016/j.paed.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 Jun 25.
Despite efforts in prevention worldwide including recent advances in vaccine therapy, childhood community acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality both in the developed and the developing world. Traditionally, qualifying the aetiology of CAP proved to be fraught with challenges particularly due to low yields from blood and sputum specimens. In recent years however, new advances in techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction have dramatically improved detection rates of both bacteria and viruses. In addition to qualifying the true burden of disease by known organisms such as it has led to the identification of organisms such as human bocavirus which have not previously been associated with CAP. This article aims to provide a brief update to the clinician on the current epidemiology of CAP in this post-vaccination era. It is based on a combination of recommendations from existing clinical practice guidelines, recent systematic reviews and the current literature.
尽管全球都在努力预防，包括疫苗治疗方面的最新进展，但儿童社区获得性肺炎（CAP）在发达国家和发展中国家仍然是发病和死亡的主要原因。传统上，确定CAP的病因被证明充满挑战，尤其是因为血液和痰液标本的检出率较低。然而，近年来，酶联免疫吸附测定和聚合酶链反应等技术的新进展显著提高了细菌和病毒的检测率。除了确定已知病原体（如 ）导致的疾病真实负担外，还发现了以前与CAP无关的病原体，如人博卡病毒。本文旨在为临床医生简要介绍疫苗接种后时代CAP的当前流行病学情况。它基于现有临床实践指南的建议、近期的系统评价和当前的文献综合而成。
