Sempionatto Juliane R, Khorshed Ahmed A, Ahmed Aftab, De Loyola E Silva Andre N, Barfidokht Abbas, Yin Lu, Goud K Yugender, Mohamed Mona A, Bailey Eileen, May Jennifer, Aebischer Claude, Chatelle Claire, Wang Joseph
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, 92093 San Diego, California, United States.
DSM Nutritional Products, Analytical Sciences, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
ACS Sens. 2020 Jun 26;5(6):1804-1813. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00604. Epub 2020 May 18.
Recent advances in wearable sensor technologies offer new opportunities for improving dietary adherence. However, despite their tremendous promise, the potential of wearable chemical sensors for guiding personalized nutrition solutions has not been reported. Herein, we present an epidermal biosensor aimed at following the dynamics of sweat vitamin C after the intake of vitamin C pills and fruit juices. Such skin-worn noninvasive electrochemical detection of sweat vitamin C has been realized by immobilizing the enzyme ascorbate oxidase (AAOx) on flexible printable tattoo electrodes and monitoring changes in the vitamin C level through changes in the reduction current of the oxygen cosubstrate. The flexible vitamin C tattoo patch was fabricated on a polyurethane substrate and combined with a localized iontophoretic sweat stimulation system along with amperometric cathodic detection of the oxygen depletion during the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme biosensor offers a highly selective response compared to the common direct (nonenzymatic) voltammetric measurements, with no effect on electroactive interfering species such as uric acid or acetaminophen. Temporal vitamin C profiles in sweat are demonstrated using different subjects taking varying amounts of commercial vitamin C pills or vitamin C-rich beverages. The dynamic rise and fall of such vitamin C sweat levels is thus demonstrated with no interference from other sweat constituents. Differences in such dynamics among the individual subjects indicate the potential of the epidermal biosensor for personalized nutrition solutions. The flexible tattoo patch displayed mechanical resiliency to multiple stretching and bending deformations. In addition, the AAOx biosensor is shown to be useful as a disposable strip for the rapid in vitro detection of vitamin C in untreated raw saliva and tears following pill or juice intake. These results demonstrate the potential of wearable chemical sensors for noninvasive nutrition status assessments and tracking of nutrient uptake toward detecting and correcting nutritional deficiencies, assessing adherence to vitamin intake, and supporting dietary behavior change.
可穿戴传感器技术的最新进展为改善饮食依从性提供了新机会。然而，尽管它们前景广阔，但可穿戴化学传感器在指导个性化营养解决方案方面的潜力尚未见报道。在此，我们展示了一种表皮生物传感器，旨在追踪摄入维生素C片和果汁后汗液中维生素C的动态变化。通过将抗坏血酸氧化酶（AAOx）固定在柔性可印刷纹身电极上，并通过氧共底物还原电流的变化监测维生素C水平的变化，实现了对汗液中维生素C的这种皮肤佩戴式无创电化学检测。柔性维生素C纹身贴片是在聚氨酯基板上制作的，并与局部离子电渗汗液刺激系统相结合，同时对酶促反应过程中的氧消耗进行安培阴极检测。与常见的直接（非酶）伏安测量相比，该酶生物传感器具有高度选择性响应，对尿酸或对乙酰氨基酚等电活性干扰物质没有影响。使用不同受试者服用不同剂量的市售维生素C片或富含维生素C的饮料，展示了汗液中维生素C的时间分布情况。因此，证明了这种维生素C汗液水平的动态上升和下降不受其他汗液成分的干扰。个体受试者之间这种动态变化的差异表明了表皮生物传感器在个性化营养解决方案中的潜力。柔性纹身贴片对多次拉伸和弯曲变形表现出机械弹性。此外，AAOx生物传感器还可用作一次性试纸条，用于在摄入药丸或果汁后快速体外检测未经处理的原始唾液和泪液中的维生素C。这些结果证明了可穿戴化学传感器在无创营养状况评估以及追踪营养物质摄取以检测和纠正营养缺乏、评估维生素摄入依从性以及支持饮食行为改变方面的潜力。
