Onyinye Stella Onwumere-Idolor, Vivienne Ezenduka Ekene, John Anaelom Nwanta
Public Health specialty, University of Nigeria, Study Center, College of Veterinary Surgeons, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Vet World. 2020 Mar;13(3):458-464. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.458-464. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Milk is a food that contains almost all the essential nutrients needed for growth and maintenance for both young and old animals and man. Since quite nutritious and in high demand, dairy products should be free of both chemical and biological contaminants. Unfortunately, antibiotics used in the treatment of infectious diseases in dairy cattle are often seen in their products if withdrawal periods of those drugs are not observed before milking. This study aimed to detect the presence of antibiotics and the level of tylosin in fresh and fermented (nono) milk from cows in Delta state, Nigeria.
Two hundred and five samples comprising 126 fresh milk and 79 fermented milk (nono) were sampled from Kwale, Ozoro, and Oleh representing one senatorial district of Delta state, South-South Nigeria. They were screened for the presence of tylosin and other antimicrobial residues using four-plate test and tylosin was confirmed with high-performance liquid chromatography.
Antibiotic residues were obtained in 76% and 85% of fresh milk and nono, respectively. Tylosin residue was also detected in 24% fresh milk and 11% nono samples at mean concentrations of 14.64±0.69 µg/l and 7.97±0.23 µg/l, respectively. The mean concentrations of tylosin from both milk types were below the recommended maximum residue limit (MRL) of 50 µg/l in dairy.
High prevalence of antimicrobial residues in fresh milk and nono shows that consumers in the study area are predisposed to health hazards due to the presence of residues of different antibiotics in fresh milk and nono. Although tylosin was confirmed in both milk products, the mean concentrations were below the MRL. However, it is still very vital to resort to the observance of withdrawal periods and avoid gross misuse of antimicrobials. It is also necessary to emphasize the need for effective prevention of infectious diseases and most importantly create awareness and establish a national antibiotic residue monitoring program in Nigeria.
牛奶是一种几乎包含了幼龄和老龄动物及人类生长与维持所需的所有必需营养素的食物。由于乳制品营养丰富且需求旺盛，所以应不含化学和生物污染物。不幸的是，如果在挤奶前未遵守那些药物的休药期，那么用于治疗奶牛传染病的抗生素就经常会在其产品中被检测到。本研究旨在检测尼日利亚三角州奶牛的新鲜牛奶和发酵（nono）牛奶中抗生素的存在情况以及泰乐菌素的含量水平。
从代表尼日利亚南南地区三角州一个参议院选区的夸莱、奥佐罗和奥莱采集了205份样本，其中包括126份新鲜牛奶和79份发酵牛奶（nono）。使用四板试验对它们进行泰乐菌素和其他抗菌残留的筛查，并通过高效液相色谱法对泰乐菌素进行确认。
新鲜牛奶和nono中抗生素残留检出率分别为76%和85%。在24%的新鲜牛奶样本和11%的nono样本中也检测到了泰乐菌素残留，平均浓度分别为14.64±0.69微克/升和7.97±0.23微克/升。两种牛奶类型中泰乐菌素的平均浓度均低于乳制品中推荐的50微克/升的最大残留限量（MRL）。
新鲜牛奶和nono中抗菌残留的高检出率表明，由于新鲜牛奶和nono中存在不同抗生素残留，研究区域内的消费者易面临健康危害。虽然在两种奶制品中均确认有泰乐菌素，但平均浓度低于最大残留限量。然而，遵守休药期并避免滥用抗菌药物仍然非常重要。强调有效预防传染病的必要性也很有必要，最重要的是要提高认识并在尼日利亚建立全国性抗生素残留监测计划。
