Martínez-Quezada Rebeca, Valencia-Ledezma Omar Esteban, Ramírez-Lozada Tito, Miguel-Rodríguez Carlos Emilio, Fernández-Hernández Juan Carlos, Acosta-Altamirano Gustavo
Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-Bienestar, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico.
Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnología (COMECYT), Toluca 50120, Mexico.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Jul 31;12(8):860. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12080860.
In the present study, we evaluated the influence of maternal and neonatal factors on the efficiency of the placental transfer of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination during pregnancy provides fetal and neonatal protection through the passive transplacental transfer of maternal neutralizing antibodies. To date, little information is available regarding the factors that affect the transfer of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study was carried out. It was found that several biological factors could be altering transplacental passive immunity after vaccination against COVID-19. In our study population, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic hypertension tended to decrease efficiency, while data from women with pre-eclampsia showed better indices compared to those from women with healthy pregnancies. Neonates born prematurely showed lower transfer rates when compared to healthy neonates. The premature rupture of membranes significantly decreased antibody transfer. Taken together, the data suggest that vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy is effective even under certain unfavorable clinical conditions for the mother, fetus, and neonate. It is important to create and disseminate immunization strategies in vulnerable populations to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with infections preventable by vaccination.
在本研究中，我们评估了母体和新生儿因素对胎盘转运针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的中和抗体效率的影响。孕期接种疫苗可通过母体中和抗体经胎盘被动转运为胎儿和新生儿提供保护。迄今为止，关于影响针对SARS-CoV-2抗体转运的因素的信息很少。我们开展了一项回顾性、横断面、观察性和分析性研究。结果发现，几种生物学因素可能会改变接种新冠病毒疫苗后的胎盘被动免疫。在我们的研究人群中，2型糖尿病和慢性高血压往往会降低效率，而子痫前期女性的数据显示，与健康妊娠女性相比，其指标更好。与健康新生儿相比，早产新生儿的抗体转运率较低。胎膜早破显著降低了抗体转运。综上所述，数据表明，即使在对母亲、胎儿和新生儿某些不利的临床条件下，孕期接种新冠病毒疫苗也是有效的。制定并传播免疫策略以减少弱势群体中与可通过接种疫苗预防的感染相关的孕产妇和围产期发病率及死亡率非常重要。
