Mandrioli Mara, Boselli Emanuele, Fiori Federica, Rodriguez-Estrada Maria Teresa
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy.
Foods. 2020 May 1;9(5):548. doi: 10.3390/foods9050548.
The quality-labeling category of high-quality (HQ) milk defined by the Italian legislation must comply with specific requirements concerning rigorous breeder management, hygienic controls, fat and protein content, bacterial load, somatic cells, lactic acid content, and non-denatured soluble serum proteins. However, there is no specification for the vitamin D content of HQ milk. Moreover, the data on the vitamin D content of this milk category are very scarce. In the present study, the content of vitamin D3 was evaluated in HQ raw and pasteurized cow milk obtained from Italian cowsheds and supermarkets. The vitamin D3 content varied from not detected (less than 1 µg L) to 17.0 ± 2.0 µg L milk and was not related to the milk fat content. These results represent a case study including a significant although not exhaustive part of the contemporary Italian market of HQ milk. It was shown for the first time that HQ raw milk does not necessarily contain more vitamin D3, even though non-expert consumers likely to buy milk labeled as HQ could expect it. The vitamin D3 content in HQ pasteurized whole milk should be reported on the label of the milk package as a best practice of consumer information policy.
意大利立法规定的优质（HQ）牛奶质量标签类别必须符合有关严格饲养管理、卫生控制、脂肪和蛋白质含量、细菌负荷、体细胞、乳酸含量以及未变性可溶性血清蛋白的特定要求。然而，优质牛奶的维生素D含量并无相关规范。此外，关于此类牛奶维生素D含量的数据非常稀少。在本研究中，对从意大利奶牛棚和超市获取的优质生牛奶和巴氏杀菌牛奶中的维生素D3含量进行了评估。维生素D3含量从未检出（低于1微克/升）到每升牛奶17.0±2.0微克不等，且与乳脂含量无关。这些结果代表了一个案例研究，涵盖了当代意大利优质牛奶市场中虽不详尽但很重要的一部分。首次表明，即使可能购买标有优质标签牛奶的非专业消费者可能会有此预期，但优质生牛奶不一定含有更多的维生素D3。作为消费者信息政策的最佳实践，优质全脂巴氏杀菌牛奶中的维生素D3含量应在牛奶包装标签上予以标注。
