Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, CHU of Liege, B35, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
Direction of Chronic Risks, Environment and Health Team, Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP), Rue du Chera 200, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
Toxicol Lett. 2020 Sep 1;329:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.020. Epub 2020 May 1.
In spring 2016, a study was carried out to characterize currently used pesticide (CUP) exposure among children living in Wallonia (Belgium). Pesticides were measured in both first morning urine voids of 258 children aged from 9 to 12 years and in ambient air collected close to the children's schools. Out of the 46 pesticides measured in the air, 19 were detected with frequencies varying between 11 % and 100 %, and mean levels ranging from <0.04 to 2.37 ng/m³. Only 3 parent pesticides were found in 1-10% of the urine samples, while all the metabolites analyzed were positively detected at least once. The captan metabolite (THPI) was quantified in 23.5 % of the samples, while 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (chlopryrifos metabolite) was detected in all urines with levels ranging from 0.36-38.96 μg/l. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (t-DCCA) and diethylphosphate were the most abundant pyrethroid metabolites and dialkylphosphate measured. The air inhalation was demonstrated to be a minor route of exposure for the selected CUPs. Statistical regressions highlighted predictors of exposure for some pesticides such like consumption of grey bread, presence of carpets at home or indoor use of pesticides, although no clear source was identified for most of them.
2016 年春季，一项研究旨在描述居住在瓦隆大区（比利时）的儿童目前接触的农药（CUP）。在 258 名 9 至 12 岁儿童的首次晨尿中测量了农药，同时在儿童学校附近收集了环境空气中的农药。在所测量的 46 种空气中的农药中，有 19 种的检出率在 11%至 100%之间，平均浓度范围从<0.04 至 2.37ng/m³。在 1-10%的尿液样本中仅发现 3 种母体农药，而分析的所有代谢物至少有一次被检测到阳性。在 23.5%的样本中定量检测到 captan 代谢物（THPI），而 3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇（chlopyrifos 代谢物）在所有尿液中均被检出，浓度范围从 0.36 至 38.96μg/l。3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA）、反式-3-（2,2-二氯乙烯基）-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸（t-DCCA）和二乙基磷酸酯是最丰富的拟除虫菊酯代谢物和测量到的二烷基磷酸酯。空气吸入被证明是所选 CUPs 的次要暴露途径。统计回归突出了一些农药暴露的预测因素，如食用全麦面包、家中有地毯或室内使用农药，但对大多数农药来说，仍未明确其来源。
