Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Environ Int. 2020 Jul;140:105760. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105760. Epub 2020 May 1.
For non-occupationally exposed adults, dietary intake is the main route of exposure to bisphenols (BPs), with canned foodstuffs playing a key role. This study was aimed at biomonitoring bisphenol A (BPA) and 5 more BP analogues (BPB, BPE, BPF, BPAF and BPZ) in spot urine and blood samples of a cohort of adults, who followed a diet based on a high consumption of canned food. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at assessing the co-exposure of BP analogues in food and biological samples after a two-day duplicate diet study. The estimated total dietary exposure was 0.37 and 0.045 µg/kg body weight/day, for the canned-diet and control groups, respectively. BPA was the compound with the highest concentration in urine in comparison with the values of the remaining BP analogues. A high detection rate of BPA was noted in urine for both groups, 96% for the canned-diet group and 90% for the control group, while in blood it could be only quantified in 6% of the samples. The identification of other analogues was hardly related to diet, so it could be the result of other potential exposure sources, such as personal care products (PCPs) or air inhalation. After 2 days, the excretion of BPA was considerably higher in the canned-diet group subjects than those in the control group (7.02 vs. 1.89 µg/day), confirming that diet and canned foodstuffs are the main route of exposure to BPA. Anyhow, the temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) established by the EFSA was not exceeded, even by those consumers with a diet rich in canned food. Moreover, spot urine samples provided accurate information about exposure and excretion of BPA, being the 4 h, instead of 24 h, the optimal sampling interval, when the collection of spot urine samples is not possible.
对于非职业暴露的成年人，饮食摄入是接触双酚（BPs）的主要途径，其中罐头食品起着关键作用。本研究旨在监测一组成年人的尿液和血液样本中的双酚 A（BPA）和另外 5 种 BP 类似物（BPB、BPE、BPF、BPAF 和 BPZ），这些成年人的饮食以大量摄入罐头食品为基础。据我们所知，这是第一项旨在评估在为期两天的双份饮食研究后，食物和生物样本中 BP 类似物共同暴露情况的研究。估计的总膳食暴露量分别为 0.37 和 0.045 µg/kg 体重/天，对于罐头饮食组和对照组。与其他 BP 类似物相比，尿液中 BPA 的浓度最高。两组尿液中 BPA 的检出率均较高，罐头饮食组为 96%，对照组为 90%，而血液中只能定量检测到 6%的样本。其他类似物的鉴定与饮食几乎没有关系，因此可能是其他潜在暴露源（如个人护理产品（PCPs）或空气吸入）的结果。在 2 天后，罐头饮食组的 BPA 排泄量明显高于对照组（7.02 与 1.89 µg/天），证实饮食和罐头食品是接触 BPA 的主要途径。无论如何，欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）设定的暂定每日耐受摄入量（t-TDI）都没有超标，即使是那些饮食中富含罐头食品的消费者也没有超标。此外，尿液样本提供了有关 BPA 暴露和排泄的准确信息，4 小时而不是 24 小时是最佳的采样间隔，当无法收集 24 小时尿液样本时。
