DeAtley Teresa, Mathews Catherine, Stein Dan J, Grelotti David, Brown Larry K, Giovenco Danielle, Atujuna Millicent, Beardslee William, Kuo Caroline
Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S Main St, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
University of Cape Town, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health & South African Medical Research Council, Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
Addict Behav Rep. 2020 Apr 21;11:100277. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100277. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is publicly available in South Africa in response to the urgent need to address HIV and AIDS. Off-label use of ARV medication alone or in combination with other substances is known as "" and "" in South Africa. Diversion of ARVs for whoonga use is not well understood, especially among adolescents. This secondary analysis explores risk and protective factors for adolescent use in a community-based HIV endemic setting.
Data on use were derived from a baseline survey of N = 200 adolescents recruited for participation in a randomized controlled trail to reduce adolescent HIV risk behaviors and depression. Risk and protective factors for adolescent use were explored using an ecological systems framework using one-way ANOVAs, chi-squared tests and hierarchical regression.
Individual level factors increased the odds of use or known use such as child age OR:1.22 (95% CI, 1.03-1.43), hazardous drug use OR:1.62 (95% CI, 1.02-2.59), and hazardous alcohol OR:1.80 (95% CI, 1.05-3.09). Food insecurity appears to have a slightly protective effect on the odds of use or reports of use among people adolescents knew OR:0.649 (95% CI, 0.541-0.779).
Larger epidemiological studies should expand the surveillance of hazardous alcohol use and illicit drug use, specifically for recreational use of prescription medication. Granular data is warranted to characterize the patters of use, especially among highly vulnerable populations. Future surveillance studies that explore these multi-level relationships are warranted to further understand this phenomenon among teens in South Africa.
为应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病的迫切需求，抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）在南非已可公开获取。在南非，单独或与其他物质联合非标签使用抗逆转录病毒药物被称为“”和“”。抗逆转录病毒药物被转用于合成毒品“谁onga”的情况尚未得到充分了解，尤其是在青少年中。这项二次分析探讨了在以社区为基础的艾滋病毒流行环境中青少年使用“谁onga”的风险和保护因素。
关于使用“谁onga”的数据来自对200名青少年的基线调查，这些青少年被招募参与一项随机对照试验，以减少青少年的艾滋病毒风险行为和抑郁。使用生态系统框架，通过单因素方差分析、卡方检验和分层回归，探讨青少年使用“谁onga”的风险和保护因素。
个体层面的因素增加了使用或已知使用“谁onga”的几率，如儿童年龄（比值比：1.22，95%置信区间，1.03 - 1.43）、危险药物使用（比值比：1.62，95%置信区间，1.02 - 2.59）和危险酒精使用（比值比：1.80，95%置信区间，1.05 - 3.09）。粮食不安全似乎对青少年认识的人使用或报告使用“谁onga”的几率有轻微的保护作用（比值比：0.649，95%置信区间，0.541 - 0.779）。
更大规模的流行病学研究应扩大对危险酒精使用和非法药物使用的监测，特别是针对处方药的娱乐性使用。需要详细数据来描述使用模式，尤其是在高度脆弱人群中。有必要开展未来的监测研究来探索这些多层次关系，以进一步了解南非青少年中的这一现象。
