Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Apr 26;13:393. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-393.
Several studies have reemphasized the role of action planning. Yet, little attention has been paid to the role of plan enactment. This study assesses the determinants and the effects of action planning and plan enactment on smoking cessation.
One thousand and five participants completed questionnaires at baseline and at follow-ups after one and six months. Factors queried were part of the I-Change model. Descriptive analyses were used to assess which plans were enacted the most. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess whether the intention to quit smoking predicted action planning and plan enactment, and to assess which factors would predict quitting behavior. Subsequently, both multivariate and univariate regression analyses were used to assess which particular action plans would be most effective in predicting quitting behavior. Similar analyses were performed among a subsample of smokers prepared to quit within one month.
Smokers who intended to quit smoking within the next month had higher levels of action planning than those intending to quit within a year. Additional predictors of action planning were being older, being female, having relatively low levels of cigarette dependence, perceiving more positive and negative consequences of quitting, and having high self-efficacy toward quitting. Plan enactment was predicted by baseline intention to quit and levels of action planning. Regression analysis revealed that smoking cessation after six months was predicted by low levels of depression, having a non-smoking partner, the intention to quit within the next month, and plan enactment. Only 29% of the smokers who executed relatively few plans had quit smoking versus 59% of the smokers who executed many plans. The most effective preparatory plans for smoking cessation were removing all tobacco products from the house and choosing a specific date to quit.
Making preparatory plans to quit smoking is important because it also predicts plan enactment, which is predictive of smoking cessation. Not all action plans were found to be predictive of smoking cessation. The effects of planning were not very much different between the total sample and smokers prepared to quit within one month.
多项研究再次强调了行动计划的作用。然而，计划执行的作用却很少受到关注。本研究评估了行动计划和计划执行对戒烟的决定因素和影响。
1050 名参与者在基线和一个月及六个月后的随访中完成了问卷调查。所询问的因素是 I-Change 模型的一部分。描述性分析用于评估实施最多的计划。多变量线性回归分析用于评估戒烟意向是否预测行动计划和计划执行，并评估哪些因素可以预测戒烟行为。随后，使用多变量和单变量回归分析来评估哪些特定的行动计划最能预测戒烟行为。在准备在一个月内戒烟的吸烟者亚样本中也进行了类似的分析。
打算在接下来一个月内戒烟的吸烟者比打算在一年内戒烟的吸烟者有更高水平的行动计划。行动计划的其他预测因素包括年龄较大、女性、相对较低的吸烟依赖程度、对戒烟的正面和负面后果有更高的认识，以及对戒烟的自我效能感较高。计划执行由基线戒烟意向和行动计划水平预测。回归分析显示，六个月后戒烟的预测因素包括低水平的抑郁、有不吸烟的伴侣、下个月的戒烟意向和计划执行。与执行较少计划的吸烟者相比，执行许多计划的吸烟者中有 59%已经戒烟，而只有 29%的吸烟者已经戒烟。戒烟最有效的预备计划是从家里清除所有烟草制品，并选择一个具体的戒烟日期。
制定戒烟预备计划很重要，因为它还可以预测计划执行，而计划执行可以预测戒烟。并非所有的行动计划都被发现对戒烟有预测作用。在总样本和准备在一个月内戒烟的吸烟者中，计划的效果没有太大区别。
