Clinical Psychologist, 3700-025 São João da Madeira, Portugal.
Psychology Departament, University of A Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 7;17(9):3248. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093248.
The aim of this study was to examine the phenomena of burnout and perceived stress in teachers at Higher Education Institutions, as this professional class is one of the most affected by high levels of stress. A sample of 520 university teachers was used, of which 339 (65.2%) were women. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure burnout, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to measure perceived stress. A sociodemographic data questionnaire produced by the authors was also applied, which consisted of questions about age, sex, experience in the teaching profession and the participants' teaching areas. The results indicated that university teachers over 60 years old exhibited lower levels of perceived stress, as did teachers with more teaching experience (30 years or more), and those with less experience (less than 10 years). Women exhibited higher levels of perceived stress than men. Women also scored higher levels of Emotional Exhaustion in the burnout dimensions, whereas teachers will less experience (under 10 years) and teachers with more experience (more than 30 years) had the lowest scores in this dimension. Through an examination of the relation between perceived stress and the burnout dimensions, we concluded that perceived stress was directly proportional to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; and was inversely proportional to personal accomplishment. A total of 31.3% of the variance in burnout was explained by perceived stress.
本研究旨在探讨高校教师的倦怠和压力感现象，因为这一职业群体是受高压力水平影响最大的群体之一。研究采用了 520 名大学教师作为样本，其中 339 名（65.2%）为女性。使用了 Maslach 倦怠量表（MBI）来衡量倦怠，使用了感知压力量表（PSS）来衡量压力感。作者还使用了一份由作者制作的社会人口统计学数据问卷，其中包括有关年龄、性别、教学经验以及参与者教学领域的问题。研究结果表明，60 岁以上的大学教师感知压力水平较低，教学经验在 30 年或以上的教师和经验较少（不到 10 年）的教师也是如此。女性感知压力水平高于男性。女性在倦怠维度中的情绪衰竭方面得分较高，而经验较少（不到 10 年）和经验较多（超过 30 年）的教师在这一维度中的得分最低。通过考察感知压力与倦怠维度之间的关系，我们得出结论，感知压力与情绪衰竭和去人性化呈正相关；与个人成就感呈负相关。感知压力解释了倦怠总方差的 31.3%。
