Moyano Amanda, Serrano-Pertierra Esther, Salvador María, Martínez-García José Carlos, Rivas Montserrat, Blanco-López M Carmen
Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry & Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
Department of Physics & IUTA, University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, 33204 Gijon, Spain.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 May 8;10(5):288. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10050288.
A new generation of magnetic lateral flow immunoassays is emerging as powerful tool for diagnostics. They rely on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) as detecting label, replacing conventional gold or latex beads. MNPs can be sensed and quantified by means of external devices, allowing the development of immunochromatographic tests with a quantitative capability. Moreover, they have an added advantage because they can be used for immunomagnetic separation (IMS), with improvements in selectivity and sensitivity. In this paper, we have reviewed the current knowledge on magnetic-lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), coupled with both research and commercially available instruments. The work in the literature has been classified in two categories: optical and magnetic sensing. We have analysed the type of magnetic nanoparticles used in each case, their size, coating, crystal structure and the functional groups for their conjugation with biomolecules. We have also taken into account the analytical characteristics and the type of transduction. Magnetic LFIA have been used for the determination of biomarkers, pathogens, toxins, allergens and drugs. Nanocomposites have been developed as alternative to MNP with the purpose of sensitivity enhancement. Moreover, IMS in combination with other detection principles could also improve sensitivity and limit of detection. The critical analysis in this review could have an impact for the future development of magnetic LFIA in fields requiring both rapid separation and quantification.
新一代磁性侧向流动免疫分析技术正在成为诊断领域的强大工具。它们依靠使用磁性纳米颗粒（MNP）作为检测标记，取代了传统的金珠或乳胶珠。MNP可以通过外部设备进行检测和定量，从而开发出具有定量能力的免疫层析测试。此外，它们还有一个额外的优势，即可以用于免疫磁分离（IMS），提高选择性和灵敏度。在本文中，我们综述了关于磁性侧向流动免疫分析（LFIA）的现有知识，并结合了研究和商业可用仪器。文献中的工作分为两类：光学传感和磁传感。我们分析了每种情况下使用的磁性纳米颗粒的类型、尺寸、涂层、晶体结构以及与生物分子结合的官能团。我们还考虑了分析特性和转导类型。磁性LFIA已用于生物标志物、病原体、毒素、过敏原和药物的测定。已经开发出纳米复合材料作为MNP的替代品，以提高灵敏度。此外，IMS与其他检测原理相结合也可以提高灵敏度和检测限。本综述中的批判性分析可能会对磁性LFIA在需要快速分离和定量的领域的未来发展产生影响。
