Bai Yong-Chao, Chang Ying-Ying, Hussain Muzammil, Lu Bin, Zhang Jun-Pei, Song Xiao-Bo, Lei Xia-Shuo, Pei Dong
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Microorganisms. 2020 May 8;8(5):694. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050694.
Although the effects of fertilization and microbiota on plant growth have been widely studied, our understanding of the chemical fertilizers to alter soil chemical and microbiological properties in woody plants is still limited. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on chemical and microbiological properties of root-associated soils of walnut trees. The results show that soil organic matter (OM), pH, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO), and total phosphorus (TP) contents were significantly higher in non-fertilized soil than after chemical fertilization. The long-term fertilization led to excessive ammonium-nitrogen (NH) and available phosphorus (AP) residues in the cultivated soil, among which NH resulted in soil acidification and changes in bacterial community structure, while AP reduced fungal diversity. The naturally grown walnut trees led to an enrichment in beneficial bacteria such as , , , and Candidatus_, as well as fungi, including , , , , , , , , and . The presence of these bacterial and fungal genera that have been associated with nutrient mobilization and plant growth was likely related to the higher soil OM, TN, NO, and TP contents in the non-fertilized plots. These findings highlight that reduced chemical fertilizers and organic cultivation with beneficial microbiota could be used to improve economic efficiency and benefit the environment in sustainable agriculture.
尽管施肥和微生物群对植物生长的影响已得到广泛研究，但我们对化学肥料改变木本植物土壤化学和微生物特性的了解仍然有限。本研究的目的是调查长期施用化学肥料对核桃树根际土壤化学和微生物特性的影响。结果表明，未施肥土壤中的土壤有机质（OM）、pH值、全氮（TN）、硝态氮（NO）和全磷（TP）含量显著高于施肥后。长期施肥导致耕作土壤中铵态氮（NH）和有效磷（AP）残留过量，其中NH导致土壤酸化和细菌群落结构变化，而AP降低了真菌多样性。自然生长的核桃树导致有益细菌如、、、和候选菌属以及真菌如、、、、、、、、和富集。这些与养分活化和植物生长相关的细菌和真菌属的存在可能与未施肥地块中较高的土壤OM、TN、NO和TP含量有关。这些发现突出表明，减少化学肥料用量并利用有益微生物群进行有机栽培可用于提高可持续农业的经济效益并保护环境。
