Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
Freshage Research Group, Department Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFESISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2020;20(9):1373-1382. doi: 10.2174/1871530320666200513083212.
The increase in lifespan in the 20th century entails an increase in the elderly population. This brings a new challenge for society, causing people to have physical and mental limitations caused by age-related diseases, such as frailty. Frailty is clinically characterized by multisystem pathophysiological processes, such as chronic inflammation, immune activation, dysregulation of the musculoskeletal and endocrine systems, oxidative stress, energy imbalances, mitochondrial dysfunction, and sarcopenia. The elderly should consume energy in amounts close to those in what is currently accepted as a balanced diet. However, an increase in protein intake may be recommended for elderly people as long as there is no kidney damage. This increase could help fight the loss of muscle mass associated with age. Additionally, vitamin and mineral intakes are often insufficient in their diets. Therefore, the diet should be adapted not only to their age, but also to the pathologies associated with aging. Through these measures, we can reduce the prevalence of comorbidity and thereby increase health span. Therefore, both physical and nutritional interventions, including functional foods and nutraceuticals, should be taken into account.
20 世纪寿命的延长带来了老年人口的增加。这给社会带来了新的挑战，导致人们因年龄相关疾病而出现身体和精神上的限制，例如虚弱。虚弱在临床上表现为多系统病理生理过程，如慢性炎症、免疫激活、骨骼肌肉和内分泌系统失调、氧化应激、能量失衡、线粒体功能障碍和肌肉减少症。老年人应摄入接近目前被认为均衡饮食的能量。然而，只要没有肾脏损伤，建议老年人增加蛋白质摄入。这一增加有助于对抗与年龄相关的肌肉质量损失。此外，他们的饮食中维生素和矿物质的摄入量往往不足。因此，饮食不仅应适应他们的年龄，还应适应与衰老相关的病理。通过这些措施，我们可以减少合并症的发生率，从而增加健康寿命。因此，应考虑包括功能性食品和营养保健品在内的身体和营养干预措施。
