Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education , Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology , Warsaw, Poland.
Gut Microbes. 2020 Sep 2;11(5):1374-1384. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1758009. Epub 2020 May 13.
Little data are available on the subject of gut microbiota composition in endurance athletes as well as connections between diet and specific bacteria abundance. However, most studies suggest that athletes' microbiota undergoes major alterations, which may contribute to increased physical performance. Therefore, we decided to investigate differences in gut microbiota between healthy controls and endurance athletes.
Stools samples were collected from 14 marathon runners, 11 cross-country skiers and 46 sedentary healthy controls. The athletes' diet evaluation was performed with 24-h diet recall, using the Aliant programme. The 16S gene sequencing was performed using the Ion 16S Metagenomics Kit on Ion Torrent PGM sequencer. Taxonomic classification and diversity indices computation was performed with Mothur.
20 and 5 taxa differentiated healthy controls from marathon runners and cross-country skiers, respectively. Both groups presented a lowered abundance of major gut microbiota genus, and higher abundance of . The athletes' microbiome was also more diverse in cross-country skiers than the one of sedentary controls (Simpson index -value at 0.025). Thirty-one strong correlations (Spearman's coefficient > 0.6) were uncovered between bacteria abundance and diet, including inverse correlation of with sucrose intake, with polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as positive correlation of with folic acid intake and with fiber amount in diet.
The excessive training associates with both differences in composition and promotion of higher bacterial diversity. Taxons enriched in athletes are known to participate in fiber fermentation.
关于耐力运动员肠道微生物群落组成以及饮食与特定细菌丰度之间的关系，相关数据较少。然而，大多数研究表明运动员的微生物群发生了重大变化，这可能有助于提高运动表现。因此，我们决定调查健康对照组和耐力运动员之间肠道微生物群落的差异。
收集了 14 名马拉松运动员、11 名越野滑雪运动员和 46 名久坐不动的健康对照组的粪便样本。运动员的饮食评估是通过使用 Aliant 程序进行 24 小时饮食回忆来完成的。16S 基因测序使用 Ion 16S Metagenomics Kit 在 Ion Torrent PGM 测序仪上进行。分类和多样性指数计算使用 Mothur 进行。
20 种和 5 种细菌分别将健康对照组与马拉松运动员和越野滑雪运动员区分开来。两组的主要肠道微生物群落属的丰度降低，而 的丰度升高。与久坐对照组相比，越野滑雪运动员的运动员微生物组多样性更高（Simpson 指数在 0.025 时的值）。发现 31 种细菌丰度与饮食之间存在强烈的相关性（Spearman 系数>0.6），包括 与蔗糖摄入呈负相关， 与多不饱和脂肪酸呈负相关， 与叶酸摄入呈正相关， 与饮食中的纤维量呈正相关。
过度训练与组成差异和促进更高的细菌多样性有关。在运动员中富集的分类群已知参与纤维发酵。
