Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
Department of Sociology and Political Science, Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
PLoS One. 2020 May 13;15(5):e0232521. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232521. eCollection 2020.
The purpose of the present study was to examine fruit and vegetable consumption according to gender, educational attainment and regional affiliation in Europe.
Cross-sectional study.
21 European countries.
37 672 adults participating in the 7th round of the European Social Survey.
Fruit and vegetable consumption was measured using two single frequency questions. Responses were dichotomized into low (<once a day) and high (≥once a day) consumption. The association between consumption of fruit and vegetables and gender, educational level, regional affiliation was examined using logistic regression analyses.
Overall, females showed increased odds of consuming fruit (OR 1.71 (95%CI:1.62, 1.79) and vegetable (1.59 (1.51, 1.67)) compared to males and high educated participants showed increased odds of consuming fruit (1.53 (1.43, 1.63)) and vegetables (1.86 (1.74, 2.00)) compared to low educated participants. Our results also showed that participants living in Eastern Europe had the lowest odds of consuming fruit and vegetables, whereas participants from Southern- and Northern Europe had the highest odds of consuming fruit and vegetables, respectively. Results from interaction analyses confirmed the positive association between fruit and vegetable consumption and educational level, although for some European regions, decreased odds of fruit and vegetables was observed among medium educated participants compared to those with low education.
Overall, the present study showed that being female and having a high education were associated with increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. However, the direction and strength of these relationships depends on regional affiliations.
本研究旨在考察欧洲不同性别、教育程度和地区人群的水果和蔬菜消费情况。
横断面研究。
21 个欧洲国家。
参与欧洲社会调查第 7 轮调查的 37672 名成年人。
采用两个单一频率问题来衡量水果和蔬菜的摄入量。将摄入量分为低（<每天一次）和高（≥每天一次）摄入两类。采用 logistic 回归分析来考察水果和蔬菜摄入量与性别、教育水平和地区归属之间的关系。
总体而言，与男性相比，女性摄入水果的几率更高（OR 1.71（95%CI：1.62，1.79）和蔬菜（1.59（1.51，1.67）），而高学历参与者摄入水果（1.53（1.43，1.63））和蔬菜（1.86（1.74，2.00））的几率更高。我们的研究结果还表明，东欧地区的参与者摄入水果和蔬菜的几率最低，而南欧和北欧地区的参与者摄入水果和蔬菜的几率最高。交互分析的结果证实了水果和蔬菜摄入量与教育水平之间的正相关关系，尽管在一些欧洲地区，与低学历参与者相比，中等学历参与者摄入水果和蔬菜的几率有所下降。
总体而言，本研究表明女性和高学历与水果和蔬菜的摄入量增加有关。然而，这些关系的方向和强度取决于地区归属。
