Oceanographic Research Institute, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico.
Int J Public Health. 2020 Jun;65(5):649-660. doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01378-3. Epub 2020 May 13.
Air pollution is a leading environmental risk, and socioeconomic status (SES) is postulated as an effect modifier, especially in children. There is a growing interest in exploring this modifier. The present manuscript reviews SES as an effect modifier in children's respiratory health.
A search in the PubMed and SCOPUS databases was conducted in September 2017 to identify studies with the inclusion criteria of being centred on children, respiratory outcomes, air pollutants and SES measurement.
A total of 17 studies were included. Twelve used single SES variables, and the remaining studies included composite SES indices. Household income (9) and parental education (8) were frequently evaluated. The significance of the effect modifier was found in nine studies that demonstrated a higher risk for individuals living in a lower SES. Sources of heterogeneity included SES measurement, health outcomes and geographical aggregation.
The results suggest a higher modification in the effect of SES, generally indicating greater risk for children in lower SES. Children's characteristics need to be more carefully theorized and measured in this area, including the use of transdisciplinary approaches.
空气污染是主要的环境风险因素，社会经济地位（SES）被认为是一个影响因素，尤其是在儿童中。目前人们越来越关注探索这种影响因素。本文综述了 SES 作为儿童呼吸健康的影响因素。
2017 年 9 月，在 PubMed 和 SCOPUS 数据库中进行了检索，以确定符合以下纳入标准的研究：以儿童为中心、呼吸道疾病结局、空气污染物和 SES 测量。
共纳入 17 项研究。其中 12 项研究使用了单一 SES 变量，其余研究则使用了综合 SES 指数。家庭收入（9 项）和父母教育（8 项）是经常评估的变量。9 项研究发现 SES 是一个重要的影响因素，表明 SES 较低的个体患呼吸道疾病的风险更高。异质性的来源包括 SES 测量、健康结局和地理聚集。
研究结果表明 SES 的影响更大，通常表明 SES 较低的儿童风险更高。在这一领域，需要更仔细地从儿童的特征出发进行理论和测量，包括使用跨学科方法。
