MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 May 15;69(19):599-602. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6919e4.
The threat of introduction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) into the United States with the potential for community transmission prompted U.S. federal officials in February 2020 to screen travelers from China, and later Iran, and collect and transmit their demographic and contact information to states for follow-up. During February 5-March 17, 2020, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) received and transmitted contact information for 11,574 international travelers to 51 of 61 local health jurisdictions at a cost of 1,694 hours of CDPH personnel time. If resources permitted, local health jurisdictions contacted travelers, interviewed them, and oversaw 14 days of quarantine, self-monitoring, or both, based on CDC risk assessment criteria for COVID-19. Challenges encountered during follow-up included errors in the recording of contact information and variation in the availability of resources in local health jurisdictions to address the substantial workload. Among COVID-19 patients reported to CDPH, three matched persons previously reported as travelers to CDPH. Despite intensive effort, the traveler screening system did not effectively prevent introduction of COVID-19 into California. Effectiveness of COVID-19 screening and monitoring in travelers to California was limited by incomplete traveler information received by federal officials and transmitted to states, the number of travelers needing follow-up, and the potential for presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission. More efficient methods of collecting and transmitting passenger data, including electronic provision of flight manifests by airlines to federal officials and flexible text-messaging tools, would help local health jurisdictions reach out to all at-risk travelers quickly, thereby facilitating timely testing, case identification, and contact investigations. State and local health departments should weigh the resources needed to implement incoming traveler monitoring against community mitigation activities, understanding that the priorities of each might shift during the COVID-19 pandemic.
2020 年 2 月，由于新型冠状病毒疾病 2019（COVID-19）有可能在美国社区传播，美国联邦官员开始对来自中国和随后来自伊朗的旅行者进行筛查，并收集和传输他们的人口统计和联系信息，以便各州进行后续跟踪。2020 年 2 月 5 日至 3 月 17 日，加利福尼亚州公共卫生部（CDPH）收到并向 61 个地方卫生管辖区中的 51 个传输了 11574 名国际旅行者的联系信息，共花费了 1694 小时的 CDPH 人员时间。如果资源允许，地方卫生管辖区会根据疾病预防控制中心针对 COVID-19 的风险评估标准联系旅行者，对他们进行访谈，并监督他们进行 14 天的隔离、自我监测或两者兼施。在后续工作中遇到的挑战包括联系信息记录错误以及地方卫生管辖区资源可用性的差异，这给大量工作带来了挑战。在向 CDPH 报告的 COVID-19 患者中，有 3 人与之前向 CDPH 报告的旅行者相匹配。尽管付出了巨大努力，但旅行者筛查系统并没有有效地阻止 COVID-19 进入加利福尼亚州。对前往加利福尼亚州的旅行者进行 COVID-19 筛查和监测的效果受到联邦官员收到并传输给各州的旅行者信息不完整、需要后续跟踪的旅行者数量以及出现症状前和无症状传播的可能性的限制。更有效的收集和传输乘客数据的方法，包括航空公司向联邦官员提供航班清单的电子方式以及灵活的短信工具，将有助于地方卫生管辖区快速联系到所有高风险旅行者，从而促进及时的检测、病例识别和接触调查。州和地方卫生部门应权衡实施入境旅行者监测所需的资源与社区缓解活动的资源，理解在 COVID-19 大流行期间，每个部门的优先事项可能会发生变化。
