Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt.
Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt.
Aquat Toxicol. 2020 Jul;224:105493. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105493. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
Currently, the contamination of water with different insecticides like profenofos (PFF) is a critical concern in the aquatic ecosystem. There are limited studies available on the negative impacts of PFF on common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.). Therefore, the existing study was designed to investigate the effect of PFF exposure (1/10 of the 96 h-LC50) on the neurobehavior, growth performance, chemical composition, oxidative status, DNA damage, apoptotic status and histological indices of the brain and gill tissues. In addition, this study seeks to detect the ability of geranium essential oil (GEO) dietary supplementation to mitigate the negative impacts of PFF. Accordingly, a total of 120 healthy fish were divided into four groups: the control group, fed on basal diet only; the other groups were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg kg GEO, basal diet and PFF in water (PFF group), and supplemented diet with GEO and PFF in water (GEO + PFF), respectively, for 60 days. The results showed that PFF significantly reduced fish growth performance, crude protein, and lipid contents. It caused several behavioral alterations including spiral movement, decreased activeness, and changes in feeding behavior. Moreover, PFF increased the DNA tail length, tail moment, and the level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Histologically, PFF induced a wide array of circulatory, inflammatory, regressive and progressive alterations in the brain and gill tissues. PFF significantly downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated caspase-3 immuno-expression in both organs. Further, it considerably depleted the antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The GEO supplementation did not reach the respective control values but markedly improved most of the behavioral, physical, biochemical, oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory markers, altered by PFF exposure. It also protected the gill and brain tissues from the branchial and encephalopathic effects of PFF. These findings suggest that GEO dietary supplements could be advantageous for mitigating PFF negative impacts and presenting a promising feed additive for common carp in aquaculture.
目前，水体中不同杀虫剂（如丙溴磷）的污染是水生生态系统面临的一个关键问题。关于丙溴磷对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio L.）的负面影响，研究非常有限。因此，本研究旨在调查丙溴磷暴露（96 小时 LC50 的 1/10）对鲤鱼神经行为、生长性能、化学成分、氧化状态、DNA 损伤、凋亡状态和脑、鳃组织组织学指标的影响。此外，本研究还旨在检测香叶醇（GEO）饮食补充剂减轻丙溴磷负面影响的能力。为此，共将 120 条健康鱼分为四组：对照组，仅喂食基础饲料；其他三组分别喂食基础饲料+400mg/kg GEO、基础饲料+水中丙溴磷（PFF 组）、基础饲料+水中丙溴磷+GEO（GEO+PFF 组），持续 60 天。结果表明，丙溴磷显著降低了鱼类的生长性能、粗蛋白和脂肪含量。它还导致了几种行为改变，包括螺旋运动、活跃度降低和摄食行为改变。此外，丙溴磷增加了 DNA 尾巴长度、尾巴力矩和 8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷水平。组织学上，PFF 诱导了脑和鳃组织广泛的循环、炎症、退行性和进行性改变。PFF 显著下调了两个器官中的 Bcl-2 并上调了 caspase-3 免疫表达。此外，它还大大耗尽了抗氧化酶，包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶。GEO 补充剂未达到各自的对照值，但显著改善了大多数行为、生理、生化、氧化、凋亡和炎症标志物，这些标志物因 PFF 暴露而改变。它还保护了鳃和脑组织免受 PFF 的鳃和脑病效应的影响。这些发现表明，GEO 饮食补充剂可能有利于减轻丙溴磷的负面影响，并为水产养殖中的鲤鱼提供一种有前途的饲料添加剂。
