Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea.
Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea.
Nutrients. 2020 May 12;12(5):1377. doi: 10.3390/nu12051377.
Adequate nutrition is an important factor to prevent sarcopenia in older adults. The purpose of this study was to identify the regional differences in the association between dietary pattern and muscle strength in older Korean adults.
This study was based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2014-2016. Muscle strength was measured by grip strength, and dietary patterns were derived by a cluster analysis using the k-means algorithm. Multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the associations between factors (dietary patterns and residential areas) and grip strength.
Most participants in the rural area group (50.4%) had the Cluster Three dietary pattern (diet dominant in white rice and kimchi), while most people in the urban area group (43.8%) and the metropolitan area group (53.2%) had the Cluster One dietary pattern (diet dominant in fruits and fish). Those having poor hand grip strength represented 25.8% of the total in rural, 20.6% in urban, and 17.9% in metropolitan ( = 0.009) areas. Upon adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and co-morbidity, the odds ratio of Cluster Two (diet dominant in meat) was 1.601 (95%, CI: 1.001-2.563, = 0.050) compared to the Cluster Three dietary pattern, but there was no significant difference in residence.
Muscle strength in the elderly was more related to dietary pattern than was residence. Education and support for conveying the importance of protein intake in the elderly are required to motivate adequate nutrition. In addition, these actions should lead to prevention of muscle weakness and further prevent frailty.
充足的营养是预防老年人肌肉减少症的重要因素。本研究旨在确定饮食模式与老年韩国人肌肉力量之间的关联在地域上的差异。
本研究基于 2014-2016 年韩国国家健康和营养检查调查（KNHANES）的数据。肌肉力量通过握力测量，饮食模式通过使用 k-均值算法的聚类分析得出。应用多因素逻辑回归分析来确定因素（饮食模式和居住地区）与握力之间的关联。
农村地区组（50.4%）的大多数参与者具有第三类饮食模式（以白米饭和泡菜为主的饮食），而城市地区组（43.8%）和大都市地区组（53.2%）的大多数人具有第一类饮食模式（以水果和鱼类为主的饮食）。农村地区、城市地区和大都市地区握力差的人分别占总人口的 25.8%、20.6%和 17.9%（ = 0.009）。在调整社会人口特征、健康行为和合并症后，与第三类饮食模式相比，第二类饮食模式（以肉类为主的饮食）的优势比为 1.601（95%置信区间：1.001-2.563， = 0.050），但居住地区没有显著差异。
老年人的肌肉力量与饮食模式的关系比与居住地区的关系更为密切。需要对老年人进行有关蛋白质摄入重要性的教育和支持，以激励他们获得足够的营养。此外，这些行动应该可以预防肌肉无力，并进一步预防虚弱。
