波兰老年人饮食模式、疑似肌肉减少症和衰弱综合征的关联：一项横断面研究。
Association of Dietary Patterns, Suspected Sarcopenia, and Frailty Syndrome among Older Adults in Poland-A Cross-Sectional Study.
机构信息
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
出版信息
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 13;16(18):3090. doi: 10.3390/nu16183090.
BACKGROUND
The association of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome with dietary patterns is not yet well recognized.
THE AIM
The aim of the study was to evaluate the association among dietary patterns, suspected sarcopenia, and frailty syndrome among older people in Poland.
METHODS
The study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 among people aged 55 and older. The sample was chosen arbitrarily. The following questionnaires were used in the study: the KomPAN (assessment of frequency of food intake and sociodemographic characteristics), the SARC-F (assessment of risk of sarcopenia), and the EFS (diagnosis of frailty syndrome). To confirm the suspicion of sarcopenia, muscle strength was assessed using the HGS and FTSST, and physical fitness was assessed using the GST. Based on the frequency of food consumption, 11 DPs (factors) were selected using PCA analysis. SARC-F, HGS, FTSST, and GST results were used to identify homogeneous groups (clusters) using cluster analysis, a k-means method.
RESULTS
Two clusters were identified: cluster 1 (the non-sarcopenic cluster, or nSC) and cluster 2 (the sarcopenic cluster, or SC). Associations between variables were assessed using logistic regression. Suspected sarcopenia was found in 32.0% of respondents, more in men than women, and more among those either over 75 or 65 and under. EFS results showed that the risk (22.1%) or presence of frailty syndrome (23.8%) was more common in men than women and more common in those aged 75 and older than in other age groups. Male gender; older age; and unfavorable dietary patterns, i.e., consumption of white bread and bakery products, white rice and pasta, butter, and potatoes (factor 1) and cheese, cured meat, smoked sausages, and hot dogs (factor 9), increased the likelihood of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome, while the pattern associated with fruit and water consumption (factor 7) had the opposite effect.
CONCLUSIONS
Confirmation of the importance of dietary patterns in the etiology and pathogenesis of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome should be documented in prospective cohort studies.
背景
肌少症和衰弱综合征与饮食模式的关联尚未得到充分认识。
目的
本研究旨在评估波兰老年人饮食模式、疑似肌少症和衰弱综合征之间的关联。
方法
本研究于 2022 年至 2023 年在 55 岁及以上人群中进行。样本是随机选择的。研究中使用了以下问卷：KomPAN（食物摄入频率和社会人口特征评估）、SARC-F（肌少症风险评估）和 EFS（衰弱综合征诊断）。为了确认肌少症的怀疑，使用 HGS 和 FTSST 评估肌肉力量，使用 GST 评估身体适应性。基于食物消费频率，使用 PCA 分析选择了 11 个 DP（因素）。使用聚类分析（k-均值方法），根据 SARC-F、HGS、FTSST 和 GST 结果识别同质组（聚类）。
结果
确定了两个聚类：聚类 1（非肌少症聚类，或 nSC）和聚类 2（肌少症聚类，或 SC）。使用逻辑回归评估变量之间的关联。在受访者中，32.0%被怀疑患有肌少症，男性多于女性，75 岁以上或 65 岁以下的人更多。EFS 结果显示，男性比女性更常见风险（22.1%）或存在衰弱综合征（23.8%），75 岁及以上的人比其他年龄组更常见。男性性别；年龄较大；以及不利的饮食模式，即食用白面包和糕点、白米和面食、黄油和土豆（因素 1）以及奶酪、腌制肉、熏香肠和热狗（因素 9），增加了肌少症和衰弱综合征的可能性，而与水果和水消费相关的模式（因素 7）则产生了相反的效果。
结论
应该在前瞻性队列研究中记录饮食模式在肌少症和衰弱综合征的病因和发病机制中的重要性。
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