Carvalho Gabriela Corrêa, Sábio Rafael Miguel, Chorilli Marlus
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2021;51(7):674-686. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1763774. Epub 2020 May 15.
Lycopene (LYC), a natural compound responsible for the red color of some fruits like pink grapefruit, red guava, watermelon, papaya and, mainly, present in tomatoes (). LYC has been extensively studied because of its various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, cardioprotective, hypocholesterolemic, antineophasic, photoprotection, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activity. However, LYC uses in therapy is limited due to its insolubility in aqueous solvents, resulting in low bioavailability and stability. In order to overcome these drawbacks, it is essential to use of organic nanocarriers for LYC controlled release. Up to now, the description of LYC-loaded organic nanocarriers are scarce, mainly related to organic nanosystems based on lipid nanostructures such as nanoemulsions (NE), liposomes (LP), niosomes (NI), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Taking into account the development of new formulations, is indispensable the use of sensitive and suitable analytical methods previously validated. Among the analytical methods described here, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stands out due to its good accuracy, precision and desirable detection limit. In this review, we highlights the main biological and physicochemical properties of LYC, as well as LYC-based organic nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery and the analytical methods described in literature to determine LYC in any kind of matrix.
番茄红素（LYC）是一种天然化合物，它赋予了一些水果红色，如粉红葡萄柚、红番石榴、西瓜、木瓜，且主要存在于番茄中。由于其具有多种药理特性，如抗氧化、心脏保护、降胆固醇、抗肿瘤、光保护、抗糖尿病和抗菌活性，LYC已得到广泛研究。然而，由于LYC在水性溶剂中不溶，导致其生物利用度和稳定性较低，限制了其在治疗中的应用。为了克服这些缺点，使用有机纳米载体来控制LYC的释放至关重要。到目前为止，关于负载LYC的有机纳米载体的描述很少，主要涉及基于脂质纳米结构的有机纳米系统，如纳米乳液（NE）、脂质体（LP）、非离子表面活性剂囊泡（NI）、纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）和固体脂质纳米颗粒（SLN）。考虑到新制剂的开发，使用先前经过验证的灵敏且合适的分析方法是必不可少的。在这里描述的分析方法中，高效液相色谱法（HPLC）因其良好的准确性、精密度和理想的检测限而脱颖而出。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了LYC的主要生物学和物理化学性质，以及用于药物控释的基于LYC的有机纳米载体，以及文献中描述的用于测定任何基质中LYC的分析方法。
