Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;
Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and.
Pediatrics. 2020 Jun;145(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-3621. Epub 2020 May 15.
Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) continue to be the leading cause of death in youth 16 to 24 years old in the United States. Distracted driving has been shown to increase the risk of MVCs in all drivers, particularly teenagers. We aimed to determine the association between fatal MVC rates involving 16- to 19-year-old drivers and state distracted driving laws.
We conducted a retrospective time series analysis of fatal MVCs in the United States involving drivers and passengers 16 to 19 years old from 2007 to 2017 using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Multivariable negative binomial regression analysis was performed to compare MVC rates across states on the basis of different types and strengths of distracted driving laws.
There were 38 215 drivers 16 to 19 years old involved in fatal MVCs from 2007 to 2017. Incidence of fatal MVCs was highest for 19-year-old drivers (27.2 out of 100 000 19-year-old persons) and lowest for 16-year-olds (10.7 out of 100 000). States with primarily enforced texting bans had lower MVC fatality rates overall involving 16- to 19-year-old drivers (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.67-0.76). Texting bans and handheld bans for all drivers were associated with decreased MVC fatalities in all age groups.
In the United States, primarily enforced distracted driving laws are associated with a lower incidence of fatal MVCs involving 16- to 19-year-old drivers. Bans on all handheld device use and texting bans for all drivers are associated with the greatest decrease in fatal MVCs. Adoption of universal handheld cellphone bans in all states may reduce the incidence of distracted driving and decrease MVC fatalities.
在美国，16 至 24 岁的年轻人中，机动车事故（MVC）仍是导致死亡的首要原因。研究表明，分心驾驶会增加所有司机，尤其是青少年发生 MVC 的风险。我们旨在确定涉及 16 至 19 岁司机的致命 MVC 发生率与州级分心驾驶法律之间的关联。
我们使用伤亡分析报告系统，对 2007 年至 2017 年期间美国涉及 16 至 19 岁司机和乘客的致命 MVC 进行了回顾性时间序列分析。基于不同类型和强度的分心驾驶法律，采用多变量负二项式回归分析比较各州的 MVC 发生率。
2007 年至 2017 年期间，共有 38215 名 16 至 19 岁的司机发生致命 MVC。19 岁司机的致命 MVC 发生率最高（每 10 万名 19 岁司机中有 27.2 人），而 16 岁司机的致命 MVC 发生率最低（每 10 万名 16 岁司机中有 10.7 人）。主要执行短信禁令的州整体涉及 16 至 19 岁司机的 MVC 死亡率较低（调整后的发病率比：0.71；95%置信区间：0.67-0.76）。所有司机的短信禁令和手持设备禁令与所有年龄组的 MVC 死亡人数减少相关。
在美国，主要执行的分心驾驶法律与涉及 16 至 19 岁司机的致命 MVC 发生率较低相关。全面禁止使用手持设备和禁止所有司机发短信与致命 MVC 死亡人数的减少相关性最大。在所有州普遍采用全面禁止手持手机的禁令可能会减少分心驾驶的发生率，并降低 MVC 死亡率。
