Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown.
School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis.
Ann Epidemiol. 2018 Oct;28(10):730-735. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.07.015. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
Research suggests that cell phone use while driving laws are associated with lower driver fatalities. This study seeks to determine whether this relationship is modified by driver age (16-24, 25-39, 40-59, ≥60), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white non-Hispanic, white Hispanic, black non-Hispanic, other), or rurality (rural, urban).
Fatality Analysis Reporting System data were merged with state legislation (2000-2014). The exposure was the type of legislation in effect. The outcome was non-alcohol-related driver fatalities by state-quarter-year. Incident rate ratios were estimated using generalized Poisson mixed regression for overdispersed count data with robust standard errors.
Amongst 190,544 drivers, compared to periods without bans, universal hand-held calling bans were associated with 10% (adjusted incident rate ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.84, 0.96) lower non-alcohol-related driver fatalities overall and up to 13% lower fatalities across all age groups and sexes but not for race/ethnicity or rurality. When comparing state-quarter-years with bans to those without, universal texting bans were not associated with lower fatalities overall or for any demographic group.
The relationships between cell phone laws and non-alcohol-related driver fatalities are modified by driver demographics, particularly for universal hand-held bans. Universal hand-held calling bans may benefit more types of drivers compared to texting bans.
研究表明，驾驶时使用手机的法律与较低的驾驶员死亡率有关。本研究旨在确定这种关系是否因驾驶员年龄（16-24 岁、25-39 岁、40-59 岁、≥60 岁）、性别（男性、女性）、种族/民族（白种非西班牙裔、白种西班牙裔、黑种非西班牙裔、其他）或农村/城市地区（农村、城市）而有所不同。
将伤亡分析报告系统的数据与州立法（2000-2014 年）合并。暴露因素是有效的立法类型。结果是非酒精相关的驾驶员按州季度的死亡人数。使用广义泊松混合回归模型对过离散计数数据进行分析，并采用稳健标准误差进行估计。
在 190544 名驾驶员中，与无禁令期相比，普遍禁止手持电话拨打的法律与整体非酒精相关驾驶员死亡率降低 10%（调整后的发病率比=0.90，95%置信区间 0.84，0.96），并且在所有年龄段和性别中降低了高达 13%的死亡率，但在种族/民族或农村/城市地区没有降低。在将有禁令的州季度与无禁令的州季度进行比较时，普遍禁止发短信的法律与整体死亡率或任何年龄组的死亡率均无关联。
手机法律与非酒精相关驾驶员死亡率之间的关系因驾驶员人口统计学特征而有所不同，特别是对于普遍禁止手持设备的法律。与禁止发短信的法律相比，普遍禁止手持电话拨打的法律可能对更多类型的驾驶员有益。
