Trager Megan H, Geskin Larisa J, Samie Faramarz H, Liu Liang
Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.
Exp Dermatol. 2022 Jan;31(1):4-12. doi: 10.1111/exd.14114. Epub 2020 Jun 8.
The rates of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) have been increasing over the last twenty years in the United States, and this has been attributed to increased ultraviolet radiation exposure (UVR). Given these rising rates, preventative measures have become increasingly important to reduce the incidence and promote early detection of these cancers. Skin cancer prevention remains a challenging task to accomplish mainly due to the lack of reliable and sensitive methods to provide objective risk information that can educate and motivate individuals to avoid sunburn. Currently, minimal erythema dose (MED) is used as a marker of UVR. However, it is not an ideal marker because significant cancer-related molecular damage can occur after UVR exposure that cannot be detected by MED. Thus, over the recent years there has been significant interest in development of biomarkers indicative of exposure to UVR to improve early detection of cutaneous malignancies. Here, we will discuss emerging biomarkers for melanoma and NMSC that can help with risk stratification and targeted prevention and treatment.
在过去二十年中，美国黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC）的发病率一直在上升，这归因于紫外线辐射暴露（UVR）的增加。鉴于这些发病率的上升，预防措施对于降低这些癌症的发病率和促进早期检测变得越来越重要。皮肤癌预防仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务，主要是由于缺乏可靠且敏感的方法来提供客观的风险信息，以教育和激励个人避免晒伤。目前，最小红斑剂量（MED）被用作UVR的标志物。然而，它并不是一个理想的标志物，因为在UVR暴露后可能会发生与癌症相关的显著分子损伤，而MED无法检测到这种损伤。因此，近年来人们对开发指示UVR暴露的生物标志物以改善皮肤恶性肿瘤的早期检测产生了浓厚兴趣。在此，我们将讨论黑色素瘤和NMSC的新兴生物标志物，这些生物标志物有助于风险分层以及靶向预防和治疗。
