Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200MDMaastricht, The Netherlands.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Oct;23(14):2521-2529. doi: 10.1017/S136898002000021X. Epub 2020 May 19.
The objective was to examine the association between parenting practices, toddler's dietary intake and BMI. In addition, potential moderation of these associations by general parenting and child temperament was examined.
The current cross-sectional study assessed parenting practices using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, general parenting using the Comprehensive General Parenting Questionnaire, child temperament using the Child Behavior Check List, and children's dietary intake through parental questionnaires. Children's weight and length were objectively measured to determine BMI z-scores. Associations were examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Moderation was examined using interaction terms.
Home setting.
393 Dutch toddlers (age 1-3 years) and their parents recruited through fifty childcare centres and preschools in the Netherlands.
Various practices were related to children's diet and BMI. For instance, the availability of healthy foods is the most important predictor of healthy dietary intake (e.g. β = -0·35 for sweets; β = 0·18 for fruit). The association of availability with a healthier diet was strongest when parents scored low on the positive parenting style dimensions, including nurturance, structure and/or behavioural control. In addition, it seemed that a high availability of healthy foods and low availability of unhealthy foods is especially beneficial for children showing withdrawal/depressive, anxious or overactive behaviour, while encouraging balance and variety is not beneficial for these children. All other practices were related to children's diet and/or BMI as well.
The findings underline the importance of viewing the impact of parenting practices in the context of general parenting and child temperament.
本研究旨在探讨育儿实践、幼儿饮食摄入与 BMI 之间的关系。此外，还考察了一般育儿和儿童气质对这些关联的潜在调节作用。
本横断面研究使用综合喂养实践问卷评估育儿实践，使用综合一般育儿问卷评估一般育儿，使用儿童行为检查表评估儿童气质，通过父母问卷评估儿童饮食摄入。通过客观测量儿童的体重和身高来确定 BMI z 分数。使用多元线性回归分析来检验相关性。使用交互项来检验调节作用。
家庭环境。
393 名荷兰幼儿（1-3 岁）及其父母，通过荷兰五十家日托中心和幼儿园招募。
各种育儿实践与儿童的饮食和 BMI 有关。例如，健康食品的可得性是健康饮食摄入的最重要预测因素（例如，甜食的β=-0.35；水果的β=0.18）。当父母在积极的养育方式维度（包括养育、结构和/或行为控制）上得分较低时，与可得性相关的健康饮食的关联最强。此外，对于表现出退缩/抑郁、焦虑或多动行为的儿童来说，高健康食品可得性和低不健康食品可得性似乎特别有益，而鼓励平衡和多样性对这些儿童则无益。其他所有实践也与儿童的饮食和/或 BMI 有关。
这些发现强调了在一般育儿和儿童气质的背景下看待育儿实践影响的重要性。
