School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
J Gambl Stud. 2021 Jun;37(2):583-598. doi: 10.1007/s10899-020-09954-1.
Recent research has shown that harm is not just a feature of problem gambling, but can also be observed in other lower risk categories. Some debates exist, however, as to the distribution of harm across these categories and how harm should be best measured. This study was designed to examine how estimates of self-reported harm are affected by the methodology used. A particular focus was on how harm estimates for low and higher risk gambling (as classified by the PGSI) varied when respondents were able to make more graded attributions of their harm to gambling. An online panel sample of 554 gamblers responded to a brief survey that included the PGSI, measures of gambling harm drawn from Browne et al. (Assessing gambling-related harm in Victoria: a public health perspective, Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, Melbourne, 2016) as well as questions about demographics and gambling habits. The recruitment was designed to obtain good representation of each PGSI group, with 23% found to be problem gamblers; 36% moderate risk and 21% low risk gamblers. In support of Browne et al. (2016), the findings showed that higher proportions of harm in low risk gamblers is likely to be identified when one uses binary or 'any harm' scoring, but that this effect mostly disappears when more graded scoring or attribution of harm measures are used. Higher risk PGSI groups consistently reported more harms and more serious harms than lower risk groups. It was concluded that the measurement of gambling harm and its estimated distribution over PGSI categories is quite sensitive to how it is measured.
最近的研究表明，伤害不仅是问题赌博的一个特征，在其他低风险类别中也可以观察到。然而，对于这些类别中的伤害分布以及如何最好地衡量伤害，存在一些争议。本研究旨在检验用于衡量伤害的方法如何影响自我报告伤害的估计。特别关注的是，当被调查者能够对其赌博造成的伤害进行更分级归因时，低风险和高风险赌博（按 PGSI 分类）的伤害估计值会如何变化。一个由 554 名赌徒组成的在线小组样本对一项简短调查做出了回应，该调查包括 PGSI、Browne 等人（评估维多利亚州与赌博相关的伤害：公共卫生视角，维多利亚州负责任赌博基金会，墨尔本，2016）制定的衡量赌博伤害的措施，以及关于人口统计学和赌博习惯的问题。这项招募旨在获得每个 PGSI 组的良好代表性，其中 23%被确定为问题赌徒；36%为中度风险，21%为低风险赌徒。支持 Browne 等人（2016）的研究结果表明，当使用二进制或“任何伤害”评分时，更有可能识别出低风险赌徒中的更高比例的伤害，但当使用更分级评分或归因于伤害措施时，这种效果大多会消失。风险较高的 PGSI 组报告的伤害和更严重的伤害比低风险组要多。研究得出的结论是，赌博伤害的衡量及其在 PGSI 类别中的估计分布对衡量方法非常敏感。
