Sun Zhongqiang, Ye Chuyuan, He Zhihui, Yu Wenjun
Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Center of Group Behavior and Social Psychological Service, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Front Psychol. 2020 Apr 30;11:772. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00772. eCollection 2020.
Generalized reciprocity is the phenomenon that individuals treat others in the same way that others treated them in the past. Besides the behavioral outcomes, whether intention information also manipulates generalized reciprocal behavior remains unclear. By conducting two rounds of the dictator game, the current research investigated the influence from the dictator's intention on the receiver's following resource allocation performance. In the games, in order to allocate, either tokens in Experiment 1 or jobs in Experiment 2, a general tendency was shown to treat others better if one was generously treated than greedily treated. Regarding the intentionality, participants who received a generous offer (vs. greedy offer) from another person (i.e., intentional) would perform more generously to another person. However, if the offer was randomly given by a computer program (i.e., unintentional), the way in which one was being treated previously, became somewhat irrelevant to the participants' generalized reciprocal behaviors. Those findings verified the influence of the manipulation of intention on generalized reciprocity, and provided enlightenment for promoting friendly social interactions.
广义互惠是指个体以他人过去对待自己的方式来对待他人的现象。除了行为结果外，意图信息是否也会影响广义互惠行为仍不清楚。通过进行两轮独裁者博弈，本研究调查了独裁者的意图对接受者后续资源分配表现的影响。在这些博弈中，为了进行分配，实验1中是代币，实验2中是工作，结果显示出一种普遍趋势：如果一个人受到慷慨对待而非贪婪对待，那么他会对他人更好。关于意图性，从另一个人那里收到慷慨提议（相对于贪婪提议）的参与者（即有意图的情况）会对另一个人表现得更慷慨。然而，如果提议是由计算机程序随机给出的（即无意图的情况），那么一个人之前被对待的方式与参与者的广义互惠行为就有点无关了。这些发现证实了意图操纵对广义互惠的影响，并为促进友好社会互动提供了启示。
