Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2020 Sep;36(5):329-338. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12578. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
Skin is the organ most extensively exposed to light of a broad range of wavelengths. Several studies have reported that skin expresses photoreceptive molecules called opsins. However, the identity and functional role of opsins in the human skin remain elusive. We aim to summarize current scientific evidence on the types of opsins expressed in the skin and their biological functions.
A primary literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify articles on dermal opsins found in nonhuman animals and humans.
Twenty-two articles, representing, however, a non-exhaustive selection of the scientific papers published in this specific field, met the inclusion criteria. In nonhuman animals, opsins and opsin-like structures have been detected in the skin of fruit fly, zebrafish, frog, octopus, sea urchin, hogfish, and mouse, and they mediate skin color change, light avoidance, shadow reflex, and circadian photoentrainment. In humans, opsins are present in various skin cell types, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and hair follicle cells. They have been shown to mediate wound healing, melanogenesis, hair growth, and skin photoaging.
Dermal opsins have been identified across many nonhuman animals and humans. Current evidence suggests that opsins have biological significance beyond light reception. In nonhuman animals, opsins are involved in behaviors that are critical for survival. In humans, opsins are involved in various functions of the skin although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Future investigation on elucidating the mechanism of dermal opsins will be crucial to expand the therapeutic benefits of photobiomodulation for various skin disorders.
皮肤是广泛波长光最广泛暴露的器官。有几项研究报告称，皮肤表达称为视蛋白的感光分子。然而，视蛋白在人类皮肤中的身份和功能作用仍不清楚。我们旨在总结目前关于皮肤中表达的视蛋白类型及其生物学功能的科学证据。
使用 PubMed 进行了主要文献检索，以确定在非人类动物和人类中发现的真皮视蛋白的文章。
有 22 篇文章符合纳入标准，但仅代表该特定领域发表的科学论文的非详尽选择。在非人类动物中，视蛋白和视蛋白样结构已在果蝇、斑马鱼、青蛙、章鱼、海胆、石斑鱼和老鼠的皮肤中检测到，它们介导皮肤颜色变化、避光、阴影反射和昼夜光适应。在人类中，视蛋白存在于各种皮肤细胞类型中，包括角质形成细胞、黑素细胞、真皮成纤维细胞和毛囊细胞。它们已被证明介导伤口愈合、黑色素生成、头发生长和皮肤光老化。
已经在许多非人类动物和人类中鉴定出真皮视蛋白。目前的证据表明，视蛋白的生物学意义超出了光接收。在非人类动物中，视蛋白参与了对生存至关重要的行为。在人类中，视蛋白参与皮肤的各种功能，尽管潜在的分子机制尚不清楚。未来对阐明真皮视蛋白机制的研究对于扩大光生物调节对各种皮肤疾病的治疗益处至关重要。
