Blakeslee April M H, Manousaki Tereza, Vasileiadou Katerina, Tepolt Carolyn K
Department of Biology East Carolina University Greenville NC USA.
Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Thalassocosmos Greece.
Evol Appl. 2020 Jan 3;13(3):479-485. doi: 10.1111/eva.12906. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Species distributions are rapidly changing as human globalization increasingly moves organisms to novel environments. In marine systems, species introductions are the result of a number of anthropogenic mechanisms, notably shipping, aquaculture/mariculture, the pet and bait trades, and the creation of canals. Marine invasions are a global threat to human and non-human populations alike and are often listed as one of the top conservation concerns worldwide, having ecological, evolutionary, and social ramifications. Evolutionary investigations of marine invasions can provide crucial insight into an introduced species' potential impacts in its new range, including: physiological adaptation and behavioral changes to exploit new environments; changes in resident populations, community interactions, and ecosystems; and severe reductions in genetic diversity that may limit evolutionary potential in the introduced range. This special issue focuses on current research advances in the evolutionary biology of marine invasions and can be broadly classified into a few major avenues of research: the evolutionary history of invasive populations, post-invasion reproductive changes, and the role of evolution in parasite introductions. Together, they demonstrate the value of investigating marine invasions from an evolutionary perspective, with benefits to both fundamental and applied evolutionary biology at local and broad scales.
随着人类全球化进程日益将生物转移到新的环境中，物种分布正在迅速变化。在海洋系统中，物种引入是多种人为机制造成的结果，特别是航运、水产养殖/海水养殖、宠物和鱼饵贸易以及运河的开凿。海洋物种入侵对人类和非人类种群都是全球性威胁，并且经常被列为全球最重要的保护问题之一，具有生态、进化和社会影响。对海洋物种入侵的进化研究能够为引入物种在其新分布范围内的潜在影响提供至关重要的见解，包括：为利用新环境而发生的生理适应和行为变化；当地种群、群落相互作用和生态系统的变化；以及遗传多样性的严重减少，这可能会限制引入范围内的进化潜力。本期特刊聚焦于海洋物种入侵进化生物学的当前研究进展，大致可分为几个主要研究方向：入侵种群的进化历史、入侵后的繁殖变化以及进化在寄生虫引入中的作用。这些研究共同展示了从进化角度研究海洋物种入侵的价值，对地方和全球尺度上的基础进化生物学和应用进化生物学均有益处。
