Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Biotechnol Prog. 2020 Sep;36(5):e3027. doi: 10.1002/btpr.3027. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have attracted considerable interest nowadays due to their wide range of applications. However, very little attention has been paid to the application of nanomaterials as potential elicitors for production of valuable metabolites. Herein, aiming to earn insight into effects of nanomaterials on secondary metabolite biosynthesis by medicinal fungi, we evaluated the influence of GBNs on growth and production of ganoderic acid (GA) by Ganoderma lucidum in submerged culture. Graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and rGO/Fe O nanocomposite were synthesized successfully and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The prepared nanomaterials were added to the culture of G. lucidum at final concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg/L on Day 5. The results showed that the elicitation of G. lucidum with GO and rGO decreased the cell dry weight and GA production slightly, especially in higher concentrations. However, rGO/Fe O nanocomposite not negatively affected cell growth and improved GA production. G. lucidum growth rate responded to elicitation experiments differently and depended on the type of nanomaterials and their concentrations, but almost all GBNs caused an increase in GA content (mg/100 mg dry weight). Also, field emission scanning electron microscopy morphological study showed that under elicitation, mycelia were more condensed and tightly stacked together. The findings from this study may suggest that GBNs in low concentrations could be applied as elicitors to secondary metabolites production from higher fungus, but further environmental, physiological, and biological studies required.
基于石墨烯的纳米材料（GBNs）由于其广泛的应用而引起了相当大的关注。然而，很少有人关注纳米材料作为潜在诱导剂来生产有价值的代谢产物的应用。在此，为了深入了解纳米材料对药用真菌次生代谢物生物合成的影响，我们评估了 GBNs 对灵芝液体培养中赤芝酸（GA）生产的影响。成功合成了氧化石墨烯（GO）、还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）和 rGO/Fe O 纳米复合材料，并通过 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析对其进行了表征。将制备的纳米材料在第 5 天以 50、100 和 150 mg/L 的终浓度添加到灵芝的培养物中。结果表明，GO 和 rGO 对灵芝的诱导作用略微降低了细胞干重和 GA 产量，尤其是在较高浓度下。然而，rGO/Fe O 纳米复合材料对细胞生长没有负面影响，反而提高了 GA 的产量。灵芝的生长速率对诱导实验的反应不同，这取决于纳米材料的类型和浓度，但几乎所有 GBNs 都导致 GA 含量（mg/100 mg 干重）增加。此外，场发射扫描电子显微镜形态学研究表明，在诱导下，菌丝体更加凝聚并紧密堆积在一起。这项研究的结果表明，在低浓度下，GBNs 可以作为诱导剂应用于高等真菌的次生代谢产物生产，但需要进一步进行环境、生理和生物学研究。
