Zhengzhou University College of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China.
Taoharmony Biotech Ltd, Hangzhou, China.
J Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 29;222(2):223-233. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa278.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was discovered as a novel pathogen in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic. The emergence and disappearance of this pathogen have brought questions regarding its source and evolution. Within the genome sequences of 281 SARS-CoVs, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoVs), a ~430 bp genomic region (from 27 701 bp to 28 131 bp in AY390556.1) with regular variations was investigated. This ~430 bp region overlaps with the ORF8 gene and is prone to deletions and nucleotide substitutions. Its complexity suggested the need for a new genotyping method for coronaviruses related to SARS-similar coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARSr-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2). Bat SARSr-CoV presented 3 genotypes, of which type 0 is only seen in bat SARSr-CoV, type I is present in SARS in the early phase, and type II is found in all SARS-CoV-2. This genotyping also shows potential usage in distinguishing the SARS-similar coronaviruses from different hosts and geographic areas. This genomic region has important implications for predicting the epidemic trend and studying the evolution of coronavirus.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）是在 2002-2003 年 SARS 流行期间发现的一种新型病原体。该病原体的出现和消失引发了关于其来源和进化的问题。在 281 株 SARS-CoV、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）和 SARS 相关 CoV（SARSr-CoV）的基因组序列中，研究了一个约 430 bp 的基因组区域（在 AY390556.1 中从 27701 bp 到 28131 bp），该区域存在规律变化。该约 430 bp 区域与 ORF8 基因重叠，易发生缺失和核苷酸替换。其复杂性表明需要一种新的 SARS 相关冠状病毒（SARS-CoV、SARSr-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2）的基因型分型方法。蝙蝠 SARSr-CoV 有 3 种基因型，其中 0 型仅存在于蝙蝠 SARSr-CoV 中，I 型存在于早期 SARS 中，II 型存在于所有 SARS-CoV-2 中。这种分型方法也可用于区分来自不同宿主和地理区域的 SARS 相关冠状病毒。该基因组区域对预测冠状病毒的流行趋势和研究其进化具有重要意义。
