孕期接触环境烟草烟雾会影响哮喘和非哮喘孕妇的并发症和分娩结局。
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy affects complications and birth outcomes in women with and without asthma.
机构信息
Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
出版信息
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 May 20;20(1):314. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03000-z.
BACKGROUND
It is known that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has adverse effects on pregnancy and birth outcomes. We aimed to assess the impact of ETS in pregnant women with and without asthma.
METHODS
A cohort study was conducted from August 2014 to June 2015 enrolling 1603 pregnant women during their 2nd trimester. Data on tobacco exposure were collected at first visit and women were followed through pregnancy till postpartum.
RESULTS
Of the 1603 women, 231 reported passive smoking, 223 non-asthmatics and 8 asthmatics. Women exposed to ETS during pregnancy were more likely to have an infant admitted to the pediatric ward (10.8% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.026) and to have low one- and five-minute Apgar scores (1 min: 6.1% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.011; 5 min: 2.2% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.039). Complications of pregnancy were also elevated in women exposed to ETS (53.7% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.002). Asthma had no additional effect beyond the impact of ETS except for cesarean sections that were more frequent in women with asthma exposed to ETS.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to the small number of women with asthma exposed to ETS, combined effects of asthma and ETS were only found for cesarean sections. Still counseling of pregnant women about adverse effects of ETS should consider women's asthma as an additional reason to avoid ETS.
背景
众所周知，环境烟草烟雾（ETS）对妊娠和分娩结局有不良影响。我们旨在评估 ETS 对有和没有哮喘的孕妇的影响。
方法
一项队列研究于 2014 年 8 月至 2015 年 6 月进行，纳入了 1603 名妊娠中期的孕妇。在首次就诊时收集了有关烟草暴露的数据，并且随访了这些孕妇直至分娩后。
结果
在 1603 名妇女中，有 231 名报告了被动吸烟，223 名非哮喘患者和 8 名哮喘患者。怀孕期间接触 ETS 的女性更有可能让婴儿入住儿科病房（10.8%对 6.5%，p=0.026），且婴儿的 1 分钟和 5 分钟 Apgar 评分较低（1 分钟：6.1%对 2.6%，p=0.011；5 分钟：2.2%对 0.7%，p=0.039）。接触 ETS 的孕妇的妊娠并发症也增加（53.7%对 42.3%，p=0.002）。除了 ETS 暴露的哮喘女性更常见的剖宫产术外，哮喘没有超出 ETS 影响的额外效果。
结论
由于接触 ETS 的哮喘女性数量较少，仅发现哮喘和 ETS 的联合作用对剖宫产术有影响。尽管如此，对孕妇进行有关 ETS 不良影响的咨询时，应将女性哮喘视为避免 ETS 的另一个原因。
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