进食频率对人体测量学结果的影响：随机对照试验的系统评价和网络荟萃分析。
Impact of Meal Frequency on Anthropometric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
机构信息
Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Center of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
出版信息
Adv Nutr. 2020 Sep 1;11(5):1108-1122. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa056.
The relation between meal frequency and measures of obesity is inconclusive. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) set out to compare the isocaloric effects of different meal frequencies on anthropometric outcomes and energy intake (EI). A systematic literature search was conducted in 3 electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science; search date, 11 March 2019). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included with ≥2 wk intervention duration comparing any 2 of the eligible isocaloric meal frequencies (i.e., 1 to ≥8 meals/d). Random-effects NMA was performed for 4 outcomes [body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), and EI], and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was estimated using a frequentist approach (P-score: value is between 0 and 1). Twenty-two RCTs with 647 participants were included. Our results suggest that 2 meals/d probably slightly reduces BW compared with 3 meals/d [mean difference (MD): -1.02 kg; 95% CI: -1.70, -0.35 kg) or 6 meals/d (MD: -1.29 kg; 95% CI: -1.74, -0.84 kg; moderate certainty of evidence). We are uncertain whether 1 or 2 meals/d reduces BW compared with ≥8 meals/d (MD1 meal/d vs. ≥8 meals/d: -2.25 kg; 95% CI: -5.13, 0.63 kg; MD2 meals/d vs. ≥8 meals/d: -1.32 kg; 95% CI: -2.19, -0.45 kg) and whether 1 meal/d probably reduces FM compared with 3 meals/d (MD: -1.84 kg; 95% CI: -3.72, 0.05 kg; very low certainty of evidence). Two meals per day compared with 6 meals/d probably reduce WC (MD: -3.77 cm; 95% CI: -4.68, -2.86 cm; moderate certainty of evidence). One meal per day was ranked as the best frequency for reducing BW (P-score: 0.81), followed by 2 meals/d (P-score: 0.74), whereas 2 meals/d performed best for WC (P-score: 0.96). EI was not affected by meal frequency. In conclusion, our findings indicate that there is little robust evidence that reducing meal frequency is beneficial.
进食频率与肥胖衡量指标之间的关系尚无定论。因此，本系统评价和网络荟萃分析（NMA）旨在比较不同进食频率对人体测量结果和能量摄入（EI）的等热量效应。在 3 个电子数据库（Medline、Cochrane Library、Web of Science）中进行了系统文献检索（检索日期为 2019 年 3 月 11 日）。纳入了持续时间至少 2 周的比较任何 2 种符合条件的等热量进食频率（即 1 至≥8 餐/天）的随机对照试验（RCT）。对于 4 项结果[体重（BW）、腰围（WC）、脂肪量（FM）和 EI]进行了随机效应 NMA，并使用似然比法估计累积排序曲线下面积（SUCRA）（P 分数：值在 0 到 1 之间）。纳入了 22 项 RCT 和 647 名参与者。我们的结果表明，与 3 餐/天或 6 餐/天相比，2 餐/天可能会略微降低 BW[平均差值（MD）：-1.02kg；95%置信区间（CI）：-1.70，-0.35kg）或 6 餐/天（MD：-1.29kg；95% CI：-1.74，-0.84kg；证据质量为中等）。我们不确定 1 餐/天或 2 餐/天与≥8 餐/天相比是否会降低 BW[MD1 餐/天 vs.≥8 餐/天：-2.25kg；95% CI：-5.13，0.63kg；MD2 餐/天 vs.≥8 餐/天：-1.32kg；95% CI：-2.19，-0.45kg]，以及 1 餐/天是否可能比 3 餐/天降低 FM[MD：-1.84kg；95% CI：-3.72，0.05kg；证据质量为极低]。与 6 餐/天相比，每天 2 餐可能会降低 WC[MD：-3.77cm；95% CI：-4.68，-2.86cm；证据质量为中等]。每天 1 餐在降低 BW 方面排名最佳（P 分数：0.81），其次是 2 餐/天（P 分数：0.74），而 WC 方面 2 餐/天表现最佳（P 分数：0.96）。EI 不受进食频率的影响。总之，我们的研究结果表明，几乎没有确凿的证据表明减少进食频率有益。
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