Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, c.so AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020 Mar;21(1):17-33. doi: 10.1007/s11154-019-09524-w.
Restriction in meal timing has emerged as a promising dietary approach for the management of obesity and dysmetabolic diseases. The present systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the most recent evidence on the effect of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on weight-loss and cardiometabolic variables in comparison with unrestricted-time regimens. Studies involving TRF regimen were systematically searched up to January 2019. Effect size was expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 11 studies, 5 randomized controlled trials and 6 observational, were included. All selected studies had a control group without time restriction; hours of fasting ranged from 12-h until 20-h and study duration from 4 to 8-weeks. Most studies involved the Ramadan fasting. TRF determined a greater weight-loss than control regimens (11 studies, n = 485 subjects) (WMD: -1.07 kg, 95%CI: -1.74 to -0.40; p = 0.002; I = 56.2%), unrelated to study design. The subgroup analysis showed an inverse association between TRF and fat free mass in observational studies (WMD: -1.33 kg, 95%CI: -2.55 to -0.11; p = 0.03; I = 0%). An overall significant reduction in fasting glucose concentrations was observed with TRF regimens (7 studies, n = 363 subjects) (WMD: -1.71 mg/dL, 95%CI: -3.20 to -0.21; p = 0.03; I = 0%), above all in trials (WMD:-2.45 mg/dL, 95%CI: -4.72 to -0.17; p = 0.03; I = 0%). No between-group differences in the other variables were found. TRF regimens achieved a superior effect in promoting weight-loss and reducing fasting glucose compared to approaches with unrestricted time in meal consumption. However, long-term and well-designed trials are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
限时进食已成为管理肥胖和代谢疾病的一种有前途的饮食方法。本系统评价和荟萃分析总结了最近关于限时进食（TRF）对体重减轻和心血管代谢变量影响的证据，与无时间限制的方案相比。系统搜索了截至 2019 年 1 月的 TRF 方案研究。效应大小表示为加权均数差（WMD）和 95%置信区间（CI）。共纳入 11 项研究，5 项随机对照试验和 6 项观察性研究。所有入选研究均有对照组无时间限制；禁食时间从 12 小时到 20 小时不等，研究时间从 4 周到 8 周不等。大多数研究涉及斋月禁食。TRF 比对照方案确定更大的体重减轻（11 项研究，n=485 例）（WMD：-1.07kg，95%CI：-1.74 至-0.40；p=0.002；I=56.2%），与研究设计无关。亚组分析显示，观察性研究中 TRF 与去脂体重呈负相关（WMD：-1.33kg，95%CI：-2.55 至-0.11；p=0.03；I=0%）。TRF 方案总体上显著降低空腹血糖浓度（7 项研究，n=363 例）（WMD：-1.71mg/dL，95%CI：-3.20 至-0.21；p=0.03；I=0%），尤其是在试验中（WMD：-2.45mg/dL，95%CI：-4.72 至-0.17；p=0.03；I=0%）。组间其他变量无差异。与无时间限制的饮食方案相比，TRF 方案在促进体重减轻和降低空腹血糖方面具有更好的效果。然而，需要长期和精心设计的试验来得出明确的结论。
