Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
Life Sci. 2020 Aug 1;254:117765. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117765. Epub 2020 May 8.
The ongoing wreaking global outbreak of the novel human beta coronavirus (CoV) pathogen was presumed to be from a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China, belongs to the Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order. The virus is highly contagious with potential human-human transmission which was named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread across six continents and emerged as a global pandemic in short span with alarming levels of spread and severity. This virus associated symptoms and infectious respiratory illness is designated as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 possesses enveloped club-like spike protein projections with positive-sense large RNA genome and has a unique replication strategy. This virus was believed to have zoonotic origin with genetical identity to bat and pangolin CoV. In the current review, we introduce a general overview about the human CoVs and the associated diseases, the origin, structure, replication and key clinical events that occur in the COVID-19 pathogenicity. Furthermore, we focused on possible therapeutic options such as repurposing drugs including antimalarials, antivirals, antiparasitic drugs, and anti-HIV drugs, as well as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines as potential treatment options. Also we have summarized the latest research progress on the usage of stem cell therapy, human convalescent serum, interferon's, in the treatment of COVID-19.
正在全球肆虐的新型人类β冠状病毒（CoV）病原体被认为源自中国武汉的一个海鲜批发市场，属于套式病毒目冠状病毒科。该病毒具有高度传染性，可能在人与人之间传播，被命名为严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），已迅速传播到六大洲，并迅速成为全球大流行，传播速度和严重程度令人震惊。这种与病毒相关的症状和传染性呼吸道疾病被指定为 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。SARS-CoV-2 具有包膜状棒状刺突蛋白突起，带有正链大 RNA 基因组，具有独特的复制策略。该病毒被认为具有动物源，与蝙蝠和穿山甲 CoV 具有遗传同一性。在本次综述中，我们介绍了有关人类冠状病毒和相关疾病、起源、结构、复制以及 COVID-19 发病机制中发生的关键临床事件的概述。此外，我们还重点介绍了可能的治疗选择，例如重新利用药物，包括抗疟药、抗病毒药、抗寄生虫药和抗 HIV 药物，以及单克隆抗体、疫苗作为潜在的治疗选择。我们还总结了干细胞治疗、人恢复期血清、干扰素在 COVID-19 治疗中的最新研究进展。
