Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
Nutrients. 2020 May 18;12(5):1457. doi: 10.3390/nu12051457.
Observational research suggests that micronutrients may be protective for sarcopenia, a key health issue during ageing, potentially via effects on hormone synthesis and metabolism. We aimed to carry out a systematic review of RCTs investigating effects of increasing dietary or supplemental micronutrient intake on sex hormones and IGF-1 in individuals aged 45 years or older. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for RCTs reporting the effects of different micronutrients (vitamins A, C, D, or E; carotenoids; iron; copper; zinc; magnesium; selenium; and potassium) on sex hormones or IGF-1. Of the 26 RCTs identified, nine examined effects of vitamin D, nine of multi-nutrients, four of carotenoids, two of selenium, one of zinc, and one of vitamin E. For IGF-1 increasing vitamin D (MD: -0.53 nmol/L, 95% CI: -1.58, 0.52), multi-nutrients (MD: 0.60 nmol/L, 95% CI -1.12 to 2.33) and carotenoids (MD -1.32 nmol/L; 95% CI -2.76 to 0.11) had no significant effect on circulating concentrations. No significant effects on sex hormones of other micronutrients were found, but data were very limited. All trials had significant methodological limitations making effects of micronutrient supplementation on sex hormones unclear. Further high quality RCTs with physiological doses of micronutrients in people with low baseline intakes or circulating concentrations, using robust methodology, are required to assess effects of supplementation adequately.
观察性研究表明，微量营养素可能对衰老过程中的关键健康问题——肌肉减少症具有保护作用，其潜在机制可能是通过影响激素合成和代谢。本研究旨在系统评价随机对照试验（RCT），以评估增加膳食或补充微量营养素摄入对 45 岁及以上人群性激素和 IGF-1 的影响。我们检索了 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 数据库，以查找报告不同微量营养素（维生素 A、C、D、E 或类胡萝卜素；铁；铜；锌；镁；硒；钾）对性激素或 IGF-1 影响的 RCT。在确定的 26 项 RCT 中，有 9 项研究了维生素 D 的作用，9 项研究了多种营养素，4 项研究了类胡萝卜素，2 项研究了硒，1 项研究了锌，1 项研究了维生素 E。对于 IGF-1，增加维生素 D（MD：-0.53 nmol/L，95%CI：-1.58，0.52）、多种营养素（MD：0.60 nmol/L，95%CI：-1.12 至 2.33）和类胡萝卜素（MD：-1.32 nmol/L；95%CI：-2.76 至 0.11）对循环浓度无显著影响。其他微量营养素对性激素也没有显著影响，但数据非常有限。所有试验均存在显著的方法学局限性，因此无法明确微量营养素补充对性激素的影响。需要进一步开展高质量 RCT，使用生理剂量的微量营养素，纳入基线摄入量或循环浓度较低的人群，采用稳健的方法学，以充分评估补充的效果。
