Dresden International University, Division of Health Care Sciences, Center for Clinical Research and Management Education, Dresden, Germany; Hospital Medica Sur, Mexico City, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Alergia Molecular, Mexico City, Mexico.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2020 Nov-Dec;48(6):553-559. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.02.004. Epub 2020 May 20.
Although food allergy is recognized as a growing worldwide public health problem, there continues to be limited data on prevalence rates in developing and emerging countries. Most prevalence estimates are based on self-reports, with only few studies using objective assessments. The aim was to analyze the frequency of sensitization to food allergens by serum specific IgE in a large group of unselected allergic patients in Mexico.
We analyzed data registries from patients of all ages with suspected food allergy referred to a specialized laboratory in Mexico City from January 2016 to April 2018. A descriptive analysis, and an age/food-group comparison were made.
A total of 2633 subjects tested for food allergy were identified during the study period; 1795 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The overall positivity (sIgE≥0.35kUA/L) to at least one food was 24%. The most frequently positive foods were hazelnut, apple, shrimp, peanut, egg white, egg yolk, peach, almond, tomato, bean, milk, strawberry, kiwi, maize and wheat. Positivity for some foods was more frequent across different age groups, in young children (≤5 years) milk; in older children (6-17 years): peanut, almond, wheat, soy and maize; in adults: apple. We also found other foods with high positivity but less than 50 samples: rye 60%, mango 42.9%, carrot 37.5%, cashew 27.3%, banana 21.1% and oat 20.6%.
Our study reported the presence of a differential regional IgE sensitization pattern as compared with the internationally reported one, highlighting the importance of local staple foods.
尽管食物过敏被认为是一个在全球范围内日益严重的公共卫生问题，但在发展中国家和新兴国家，有关流行率的数据仍然有限。大多数流行率估计是基于自我报告的，只有少数研究使用客观评估。目的是分析在墨西哥的一大群未经选择的过敏患者中，通过血清特异性 IgE 对食物过敏原的致敏频率。
我们分析了 2016 年 1 月至 2018 年 4 月期间，因疑似食物过敏而被转诊到墨西哥城一家专门实验室的所有年龄段患者的登记数据。进行了描述性分析，并对年龄/食物组进行了比较。
在研究期间共确定了 2633 名接受食物过敏检测的患者；1795 名患者符合纳入标准。至少对一种食物呈阳性（sIgE≥0.35kUA/L）的总体阳性率为 24%。最常呈阳性的食物是榛子、苹果、虾、花生、蛋清、蛋黄、桃、杏仁、番茄、豆、牛奶、草莓、奇异果、玉米和小麦。一些食物在不同年龄组中的阳性率更高，在幼儿（≤5 岁）中是牛奶；在大龄儿童（6-17 岁）中是花生、杏仁、小麦、大豆和玉米；在成年人中是苹果。我们还发现了其他阳性率较高但低于 50 个样本的食物：黑麦 60%、芒果 42.9%、胡萝卜 37.5%、腰果 27.3%、香蕉 21.1%和燕麦 20.6%。
与国际报道的情况相比，我们的研究报告了存在差异的区域 IgE 致敏模式，突出了当地主食的重要性。
