Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2020 May 22;10(1):8566. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65330-4.
The aim of this study was to define the location of the accessory infraorbital foramen (AIOF) with reference to accessible external landmarks in order to facilitate orbital and oculoplastic surgical procedures in the maxillofacial region. Forty-four hemifaces from 25 cadavers were dissected. The lateral canthus, subnasal point, and lacrimal caruncle were used as anatomic reference points. The AIOF was observed in 8 of the 44 hemifaces (18.2%) and was situated at a mean distance of 7.2 mm superomedial to the IOF. The horizontal distance from the lacrimal caruncle to the AIOF was 0.3 mm. In all cases the AIOF was situated at a point that was no more than 8 mm from the intersection point of a vertical line passing through the lacrimal caruncle and an oblique line joining the lateral canthus and the subnasal point. Surgeons anesthetizing or performing surgical procedures in the maxillofacial region should be aware of the frequency of the AIOF (18.2%) and its location (on the superomedial side of the IOF). We propose that injecting at the intersection point of a vertical line passing through the lacrimal caruncle and an oblique line joining the lateral canthus and the subnasal point would successfully block the accessory branch of the infraorbital nerve. Likewise, surgeons operating in this region should be aware of the location of the AIOF in order to avoid inadvertent iatrogenic injury to a duplicated infraorbital nerve.
本研究旨在确定辅助眶下孔（AIOF）的位置，并参照可触及的外部解剖标志，以方便眶周和眼整形手术。对 25 具尸体的 44 半侧头颅进行解剖。外眦、鼻下点和泪阜被用作解剖参考点。在 44 半侧头颅中观察到 8 个 AIOF（18.2%），位于 IOF 上内侧平均 7.2mm 处。泪阜到 AIOF 的水平距离为 0.3mm。在所有情况下，AIOF 都位于距泪阜和外眦与鼻下点连线的斜线交点不超过 8mm 的点上。在面部进行麻醉或手术的外科医生应该意识到 AIOF 的出现频率（18.2%）及其位置（在 IOF 的上内侧）。我们建议在通过泪阜的垂直线和连接外眦和鼻下点的斜线交点注射，可以成功阻断眶下神经的副支。同样，在该区域手术的外科医生应该注意 AIOF 的位置，以避免无意中对复制的眶下神经造成医源性损伤。
