Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
Sci Rep. 2020 May 22;10(1):8486. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65251-2.
This study aimed to identify the independent and combined effects of age, BMI at first prenatal visit and GWG on the risk of GDM. A retrospective cohort study of 1,951 pregnant women in Seremban district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. GDM was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥5.6 mmol/l and/or 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPPG) ≥7.8 mmol/l. A higher percentage of women with GDM had 2 risk factors (29.0%) or >2 risk factors (8.6%) compared to non-GDM women (2 risk factors: 25.5%; >2 risk factors: 5.0%). In general, women with ≥2 risk factors were respectively 1.36-2.06 times more likely to have GDM compared to those without risk factors. Older maternal age and being overweight/obese were significantly associated with risk of GDM. Overweight/obese women with age ≥35 years had 2.45 times higher risk of GDM and having excessive GWG at second trimester further increased the risk of GDM. Age and BMI are independent risk factors for GDM but not GWG in the first and second trimester. The findings emphasize the need to focus on a healthy BMI before pregnancy and optimal GWG during pregnancy to improve pregnancy outcomes.
本研究旨在确定年龄、首次产前检查时的 BMI 和 GWG 对 GDM 风险的独立和联合影响。这是一项在马来西亚森美兰州芙蓉区进行的 1951 名孕妇的回顾性队列研究。GDM 的定义为空腹血糖（FPG）≥5.6mmol/l 和/或餐后 2 小时血糖（2hPPG）≥7.8mmol/l。与非 GDM 妇女相比，患有 GDM 的妇女有 2 个危险因素（29.0%）或>2 个危险因素（8.6%）的比例更高（2 个危险因素：25.5%；>2 个危险因素：5.0%）。一般来说，与无危险因素的妇女相比，有≥2 个危险因素的妇女患 GDM 的可能性分别增加 1.36-2.06 倍。母亲年龄较大和超重/肥胖与 GDM 的风险显著相关。年龄≥35 岁且超重/肥胖的女性患 GDM 的风险高 2.45 倍，孕中期 GWG 过多进一步增加了患 GDM 的风险。年龄和 BMI 是 GDM 的独立危险因素，但不是孕早期和孕中期的 GWG。研究结果强调需要在妊娠前关注健康的 BMI 和妊娠期间的理想 GWG，以改善妊娠结局。
