Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 1;733:139277. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139277. Epub 2020 May 11.
The release of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into water bodies has aroused wide concern in recent years. Little information on the characteristics of CECs to pose potential risks even at low concentrations in urban water systems of Shanghai is available. This study investigated the occurrence and spatial distribution in source water, as well as the fates by drinking water treatment processes for organic compounds including 35 pesticides, 17 antibiotics, 7 microcystins (MCs), and 10 disinfection by-products (DBPs). The similar trends across seasons for COD and TOC, the indicators for organic pollutants, indicated that the water qualities in three targeted reservoirs were relatively stable. COD in the R3 reservoir inlet was 1.3-2.4 times greater than that in the R1 and R2 reservoirs, possibly resulting from the inflow of the Taipu River as a tributary. Pesticides, particularly methamidophos and metabolites, macrolide and sulfonamide antibiotics, particularly roxithromycin, were frequently detected in Shanghai source water inlets. Pesticide concentrations were 2.58-3.66 μg/L much higher than antibiotics (8.6-47.6 ng/L). The results showed that MCs (ng/L) and DBPs (haloacetic acids, HAAs μg/L; N-nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA ng/L) were found to be in low detection frequencies. It was found that 51.1-74.6% of organic matters in source water were composed of molecular weight (MW) <1 kDa. The removal rates for the part of MW <1 kDa were only 11.7-12.3% through the conventional treatment processes, compared with higher removal rates of 23.5-28.5% by advanced treatment processes. Pesticides, antibiotics and MCs can be significantly removed by six drinking water treatment plants.
近年来，新兴关注污染物（CECs）释放到水体中引起了广泛关注。关于污染物在上海城市水系中即使在低浓度下也可能构成潜在风险的特征的信息很少。本研究调查了源水中有机化合物（包括 35 种农药、17 种抗生素、7 种微囊藻毒素和 10 种消毒副产物）的发生情况和空间分布，以及通过饮用水处理工艺的归宿。COD 和 TOC 的季节性相似趋势，这两个指标代表有机污染物，表明三个目标水库的水质相对稳定。R3 水库进水口的 COD 比 R1 和 R2 水库高 1.3-2.4 倍，可能是由于作为支流的太浦河的流入。上海水源进水口经常检测到农药，特别是甲胺磷及其代谢物、大环内酯类和磺胺类抗生素，特别是罗红霉素。农药浓度（μg/L）为 2.58-3.66，比抗生素（ng/L）高 8.6-47.6 倍。结果表明，MCs（ng/L）和 DBPs（卤代乙酸，HAA μg/L；N-亚硝基二甲胺，NDMA ng/L）的检测频率较低。研究发现，水源水中 51.1-74.6%的有机物由分子量（MW）<1 kDa 的物质组成。常规处理工艺对 MW<1 kDa 部分的去除率仅为 11.7-12.3%，而高级处理工艺的去除率为 23.5-28.5%。六种饮用水处理厂可以显著去除农药、抗生素和 MCs。
