Cosma Alina, Stevens Gonneke, Martin Gina, Duinhof Elisa L, Walsh Sophie D, Garcia-Moya Irene, Költő András, Gobina Inese, Canale Natale, Catunda Carolina, Inchley Jo, de Looze Margaretha
Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
J Adolesc Health. 2020 Jun;66(6S):S50-S58. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.010.
Previous research has shown inconsistent time trends in adolescent mental well-being, but potential underlying mechanisms for such trends are yet to be examined. This study investigates cross-national time trends in adolescent mental well-being (psychosomatic health complaints and life satisfaction) in mainly European countries and the extent to which time trends in schoolwork pressure explain these trends.
Data from 915,054 adolescents from 36 countries (50.8% girls; mean = 13.54; standard deviation = 1.63) across five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018) were included in the analyses. Hierarchical multilevel models estimated cross-national trends in adolescent mental well-being and schoolwork pressure. We also tested whether schoolwork pressure could explain these trends in mental well-being.
A small linear increase over time in psychosomatic complaints and schoolwork pressure was found. No change in life satisfaction emerged. Furthermore, there was large cross-country variation in the prevalence of, and trends over time in, adolescent mental well-being and schoolwork pressure. Overall, declines in well-being and increases in schoolwork pressure were apparent in the higher income countries. Across countries, the small increase in schoolwork pressure over time partly explained the decline in psychosomatic health complaints.
Our findings do not provide evidence for substantial declines in mental well-being among adolescents. Yet, the small declines in mental well-being and increases in schoolwork pressure appear to be quite consistent across high-income countries. This calls for the attention of public health professionals and policy-makers. Country differences in trends in both adolescent mental well-being outcomes and schoolwork pressure were considerable, which requires caution regarding the cross-national generalization of national trends.
先前的研究表明青少年心理健康状况的时间趋势并不一致，但此类趋势潜在的根本机制尚待研究。本研究调查了主要欧洲国家青少年心理健康状况（身心方面的健康问题和生活满意度）的跨国时间趋势，以及学业压力的时间趋势在多大程度上解释了这些趋势。
分析纳入了来自36个国家的915,054名青少年（50.8%为女孩；平均年龄 = 13.54岁；标准差 = 1.63）的数据，这些数据来自五项学龄儿童健康行为调查（2002年、2006年、2010年、2014年和2018年）。分层多水平模型估计了青少年心理健康状况和学业压力的跨国趋势。我们还检验了学业压力是否能解释这些心理健康趋势。
发现身心方面的健康问题和学业压力随时间呈小幅线性增加。生活满意度没有变化。此外，青少年心理健康状况和学业压力的患病率及随时间的趋势在不同国家间存在很大差异。总体而言，在高收入国家，幸福感下降和学业压力增加的情况较为明显。在各个国家中，学业压力随时间的小幅增加部分解释了身心方面健康问题的下降。
我们的研究结果并未提供证据表明青少年的心理健康状况大幅下降。然而，在高收入国家中，心理健康状况的小幅下降和学业压力的增加似乎相当一致。这需要引起公共卫生专业人员和政策制定者的关注。青少年心理健康状况结果和学业压力趋势在国家间存在相当大的差异，这要求在将国家趋势进行跨国推广时要谨慎。
