College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China.
Sci Rep. 2020 May 26;10(1):8730. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65809-0.
The Hun-Taizi River watershed includes the main part of the Liaoning central urban agglomeration, which contains six cities with an 80-year industrial history. A total of 272 samples were collected from different land use areas within the study area to estimate the concentration levels, spatial distributions and potential sources of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) with a geographic information system (GIS), principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Only the concentration of Cd was over the national standard value (GB 15618-2018). However, the heavy metal concentrations at 24.54%, 71.43%, 63.37%, 85.71, 70.33%, 53.11%, and 72.16% of the sampling points were higher than the local soil background values for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively, which were used as standard values in this study. The maximal values of Cd (16.61 times higher than the background value) and Hg (12.18 times higher than the background value) had high concentrations, while Cd was present in the study area at higher values than in some other basins in China. Cd was the primary pollutant in the study area due to its concentration and potential ecological risk contribution. The results of the potential ecological risk index (RI) calculation showed that the overall heavy metal pollution level of the soil was considerably high. Three groups of heavy metals with similar distributions and sources were identified through PCA. The results of the CCA showed that the distribution of mines was the strongest factor affecting the distributions of Ni, As, Zn, Pb, and Cd. However, Cu was strongly influenced by the distance to the nearest river. These findings can provide scientific support for critical planning and strategies for soil pollution control and removal to support the sustainable development of the study area.
浑太子河流域包括辽宁中部城市群的主要部分，该地区拥有六座具有 80 年工业历史的城市。本研究共采集了研究区内不同土地利用类型的 272 个样本，利用地理信息系统（GIS）、主成分分析（PCA）和典范对应分析（CCA）等方法，估算砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、汞（Hg）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）的浓度水平、空间分布和潜在来源。只有 Cd 的浓度超过了国家标准值（GB 15618-2018）。然而，在采样点的 24.54%、71.43%、63.37%、85.71%、70.33%、53.11%和 72.16%处，As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 的重金属浓度高于各自作为本研究标准值的当地土壤背景值。Cd（是背景值的 16.61 倍）和 Hg（是背景值的 12.18 倍）的最大值浓度较高，而 Cd 的浓度值高于中国其他一些流域。由于其浓度和潜在生态风险贡献，Cd 是研究区域的主要污染物。潜在生态风险指数（RI）计算结果表明，土壤的整体重金属污染水平相当高。通过 PCA 确定了三组具有相似分布和来源的重金属。CCA 的结果表明，矿山的分布是影响 Ni、As、Zn、Pb 和 Cd 分布的最强因素。然而，Cu 受最近河流距离的影响较大。这些发现可以为土壤污染控制和治理的关键规划和战略提供科学支持，以支持研究区的可持续发展。
